1 / 9

Ch. 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec. 3: The Scramble for Africa

Unit 3: Industrialization and Nationalism. Ch. 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec. 3: The Scramble for Africa. Africa before 1850. A. Decentralized ; disunity; rich in resources Hundreds of different languages Politically diverse-villages to large empires

major
Download Presentation

Ch. 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec. 3: The Scramble for Africa

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 3: Industrialization and Nationalism Ch. 11: The Age of ImperialismSec. 3: The Scramble for Africa

  2. Africa before 1850 A. Decentralized; disunity; rich in resources • Hundreds of different languages • Politically diverse-villages to large empires • Religious differences-traditional, Muslim, Christian B. Early European Contact (late 1400s) • Coastal-rugged geography and hostile people • slave trade (West) • salt trade (North) • trading posts (South) • by 1880-only 10% under European control (not in interior)

  3. Europe competes for African Empires: Last Half of 1800s A. Interior • realm of missionaries and explorers • African “mystique” sparked interest in publications • 1870s-Henry Stanley’s search for Dr. David Livingstone (well-publicized); opened Congo to European interest B. Belgium est. control over Congo (1880) • Leopold II uses humanitarian front (end slavery) to mask exploitation of Africans • Rubber plantations drained economy  led to starvation • Belgium’s wealth encouraged other European nations to compete for African “pie”

  4. Motives for Colonialism (Imperialism)Motives for Colonialism (Imperialism)Reasons for African Imperialism • Industrial Revolution -resources and markets • Nationalism -colonies increased nation’s prestige • Racism -belief in European/white racial superiority • Social Darwinism (strongest races survive) • Missionary zeal to “Christianize” the heathen • Technological/ Scientific Advancements • technology superiority (esp. in weaponry) • transportation (opened up continent to European control) • medical advancements (quinine) • African disunity

  5. Europe Dominates Africa (1880-1914) A. Berlin Conference (1884-85) • Europe meets to divide Africa “fairly” • Guidelines for control • if you can show a “just” claim • if you can hold it • By 1914-only Liberia and Ethiopia NOT under European control B. Benefit to Europe • Natural Resources -gold, diamonds, rubber, copper, tin, agri. products

  6. The Boer War, 1899-1902 • Dutch (Boers) settled Cape Town (South Africa) in 1600s as trading base • British-moved in Cape colony in 1800s 1. Boers escaped northward-“The Great Trek” 2. Were pushed into Zulus  conflict • Discovery of gold and diamonds increased European immigration 1. Boers tried to limit newcomers’ influence; blamed British • Fierce fighting breaks out; concentration camps; guerilla fighting; innocent civilians killed • “modern war” foreshadowed future horrors • Britain won and est. Union of So. Africa (under British control)

  7. African Resistance 1. The Zulu Wars -1879 • British invade Zulu Territory and conquer this powerful tribe in 6 months; made them a colony 2. French West Africa • Malinke tribe wages war against French control in Guinea for 15 yrs; finally defeated in 1898 3. German East Africa • MajiMaji Rebellion (1905): Africans believe that spirits will protect them in rebellion against Germans; tens of thousands killed before uprising is squelched

  8. Ethiopia • Emperor Menelik II took steps to modernize Ethiopia • 1895- Italy invades Ethiopia over treaty dispute • Menelik’s modern army able to defeat Italians in less than a year Menelik II

  9. Summary: Causes & Effects Causes: • European nations needed raw materials • European powers wanted power & land • Europeans strongly influenced by Social Darwinism Effects: • Africans lost their land and independence • Many Africans died resisting the Europeans

More Related