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Semantic Web Interaction

Wireless Agent-based. Semantic Web Interaction. Heikki Helin <Heikki.j.Helin@teliasonera.com> Principal Researcher, PhD Emerging Technologies and Innovations, TeliaSonera Finland. Presentation Outline. About TeliaSonera Motivation In which field we are playing…

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Semantic Web Interaction

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  1. Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction Heikki Helin <Heikki.j.Helin@teliasonera.com> Principal Researcher, PhD Emerging Technologies and Innovations, TeliaSonera Finland

  2. Presentation Outline • About TeliaSonera • Motivation • In which field we are playing… • What we are trying to achieve… • Agent-based architecture for nomadic environments • Agents architecture for such environments • Communication framework for wireless communication • Ontologies for nomadic environments • On-going (or soon-to-be-started) research projects • National, EU/FP6 • Summary Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  3. TeliaSonera The Nordic and Baltic leader in telecommunications • The merger between Telia and Sonera became a reality on December 9, 2002 • Listed on the Stockholm Exchange, the Helsinki Exchange and Nasdaq Stock Market in the USA • Net sales (pro forma) in 2003 amounted to SEK 81,772 million (EUR 9,010 million) • The number of employees was 26,000 on December 31, 2003 • R&D personnel : ~1000 Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  4. #3 #1 #1 #2 #1 The markets of TeliaSonera International #1 #2 #1 #1 #1 #4 #1 #1 Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  5. Motivation • New wireless Internet services for our mobile (and fixed) customers • Not only ”new services”, but also enhance ”old ones” to give better user experience • And do that • faster, • easier, • cheaper, ... => To attract new customers, but more importantly: keep the old customers (and at the same time do some academic research) Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  6. Background • Multi-agent system implementing a middleware providing (agent-based) applications with tools for adaptation in a nomadic environment • Nomadic environments enable new ways to access services  anywhere, at any time, and using any device • Challenges that need to be addressed: • Varying QoS of the wireless networks • Limitations of mobile devices • Contextual variability (location, time, user preferences, ...) • Adaptation to environment is the key issue Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  7. Mobile/Wireless Environment • Typical characteristics • Low throughput, long delays, unreliable, ... • Variability • Disconnected mode of operation is the most common state • Different kind of (wireless) networks • Seamless roaming will be important in the future • Actors (agents) in nomadic environments should be aware of these issues • Context-awareness (not only location) • Currently we are mainly considering long thin networks • GSM, HSCSD, GPRS, UMTS, ... • But not excluding WLANs, BT, LAN, xDSL, ... Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  8. Agents in Nomadic Environments • Suitable for complex environments • Internet is a complex environment... • Wireless Internet is even more complex... • Invisible Internet... Ambient networks Semantic Web QoS Peer-to-peer Intelligent P2P Pervasive Computing Ubiquitous Computing Ontologies Ad hoc networks Distributed Artificial Intelligence Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  9. FIPA Agent Platform DF = Directory Facilitator AMS = Agent Management System ACC = Agent Communication Channel Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  10. (FIPA) Nomadic Application Support Knowlegde Sharing Controlling & monitoring Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  11. (FIPA) Nomadic Application Support Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  12. Agent Communication Wireless World Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  13. Layered model of agent communication Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  14. Message Transport Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  15. Message Transport • How messages are transferred between agents • Desiderata • Reliability • Efficiency • Dynamic adaptation • Issues • Performance problems • Terminal mobility • Thin clients Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  16. MTP Results – 1+1; 9600bps (300ms) Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  17. MTP Results – 1+1; 115200bps (300ms) Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  18. Message Envelope Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  19. Message Envelope • FIPA ”specific” layer • Defines how messages are delivered • independent of message transport protocols • Encoding options • XML, Bit-efficient, IIOP/IDL, Binary-XML, Java Objects, … • Bit-efficient encoding similar to bit-efficient ACL Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  20. Message Envelope Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  21. ACL Layer Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  22. ACL Encoding • Options • String (s-expression), XML, Bit-efficient • Binary-XML (w/ special encoding tokens), Java Objects • Bit-Efficient encoding is the most efficient • Space-efficient • ...by definition • Time-efficient • much faster • nice for every application; not only for wireless • necessity for • high performance applications • highly utilized servers • simple parser  appropriate for thin clients Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  23. ACL Encoding (request conversation) Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  24. ACL Encoding Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  25. Content Language Layer Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  26. Content Languages • FIPA-SL • All-purpose content language • S-expression (w/ deflate), XML, Binary-XML (w/ special tokens) • FIPA-CCL • Language for constraint satisfaction problems • XML & Binary-XML • Results similar to those of message envelope and ACL Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  27. Conversation Layer Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  28. Conversation Layer • Optimizing/modifying existing conversation protocols? • Developing new conversation protocols? • Selecting conversation protocol based on current environment • low bandwidth  simple protocol  not so good end result • more bandwidth  more complicated protocol  better end result Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  29. Ontologies in Wireless World Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  30. Ontologies • An ontology is an explicit description of a domain: • Concepts • “Wireless network”, “GSM”, “GPRS”, … • Properties and attributes of concepts • Each “Network” will have “Operator”, “Location”, “Properties”, … • Every “IEEE802.11a” is a “WLAN” • Constraints on properties and attributes • The name of an Operator is a string • GSM network code consist of CountryCode and NetworkID • Individuals (often, but not always) • The GSM network operated by TeliaSonera in Finland • An ontology defines • a common vocabulary • a shared understanding Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  31. Can’t we just use XML? For machines, a typical web page looks like this: • XML is not enough • Ontological modeling primitives missing • RDF/RDFS is better, but • Only a weak semantic interpretation • No inference model • OWL (Web Ontology Language) • Extends RDFS • Additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics • More vocabulary for describing properties and classes: • Relations between classes (e.g. disjointness) • Cardinality (e.g. "exactly one") • Equality • Richer typing of properties • Characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry) • Enumerated classes Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  32. XML Helps... XML allows “meaningful tags” to be added to parts of the text <name> • XML is not enough • Ontological modeling primitives missing </name> <address> • RDF/RDFS is better, but • Only a weak semantic interpretation • No inference model </address> <cv> • OWL (Web Ontology Language) • Extends RDFS • Additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics • More vocabulary for describing properties and classes: • Relations between classes (e.g. disjointness) • Cardinality (e.g. "exactly one") • Equality • Richer typing of properties • Characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry) • Enumerated classes </cv> Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  33. XML ≠ Machine Accessible Meaning To machines, the tags looks like this… <name> • XML is not enough • Ontological modeling primitives missing </name> <address> • RDF/RDFS is better, but • Only a weak semantic interpretation • No inference model </address> <cv> • OWL (Web Ontology Language) • Extends RDFS • Additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics • More vocabulary for describing properties and classes: • Relations between classes (e.g. disjointness) • Cardinality (e.g. "exactly one") • Equality • Richer typing of properties • Characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry) • Enumerated classes </cv> Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  34. Web Ontology Languages • Ontologies have been active research area for a long time • Web ontology languages • Provide ”web-friendly” representation language • Typically based on RDF Schema • OWL is currently W3C Recommendation Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  35. Web Ontology Languages (cont.) • XML is not enough • Ontological modeling primitives missing • RDF/RDFS is better, but • Only a weak semantic interpretation • No inference model • OWL (Web Ontology Language) • Extends RDFS • Additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics • More vocabulary for describing properties and classes: • Relations between classes (e.g. disjointness) • Cardinality (e.g. "exactly one") • Equality • Richer typing of properties • Characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry) • Enumerated classes Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  36. Need for Ontologies in Wireless World Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  37. Wireless Network Ontology - Motivation • Machine-readable (& understandable) descriptions of networks • Currently available only for humans • 3rd party service providers • ”Available networks at Gent?” • ”Available networks at this Hotel?” • Future applications • Context-aware • ”Available networks near here?” • “Best available network?” • ”Available networks near my friend?” • Any application requiring information about (wireless) networks or their properties • Almost all wireless world applications? Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  38. Wireless Network Ontology – Overview • Core Concepts • Network -> Wireless Network -> GSM Network -> ... • Operator • (Location) • ... • QoS Concepts • Throughput, delay, rtt, … • Services • GSM Services • Supplementary services, Tele services, … • WLAN Services • ... Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  39. Wireless Network Ontology – Core Concepts Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  40. Wireless Network Ontology – Services Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  41. Wireless Network Ontology – QoS Concepts Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  42. Related Projects @ TeliaSonera Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  43. Related projects @ TeliaSonera • EU/FP6 projects • Ambient Networks (IP), Magnet (IP) • CASCOM (Strep) • National projects • CAPNET • Fuego Core • Intelligent Web Services Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  44. CASCOM – Overview Context-Aware Business Application Service Co-ordination In Mobile Computing Environments • FP6/2 Strep project • 414 PM/3 years • 8 partners • Project goal: • Develop, implement, validate, and trial of • Agent-based service coordination infrastructure for • Innovative semantic Web service discovery, composition, execution • Across mobile and fixed Peer-To-Peer service networks Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  45. CASCOM – Main S&T Innovations • Generic Service Agent Architecture and Prototype Demonstrator • CASCOM Service Coordination Means • Declarative Service Description • Flexible Service Matching • Dynamic Service Composition • Secure Service Execution & Monitoring • CASCOM Intelligent Service Agents • Service Agent Platform for Nomadic Computing and Ad-Hoc P2P Communication • Context-Aware Service Provisioning • Dynamic Service Agent Coalitions Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  46. CASCOM – Use Case Scenario • Ad-Hoc Emergency Medical Care and Transport • Medical information • Patient transport • Insurance coverage Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  47. Intelligent Web Services (IWebS) • Semantic yellow page services • How the user finds correct service(s)? • How the service provider advertises the service it provides? • Dynamic content • Service composition • Support for different terminals • Desktop, mobile, ... • http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/iwebs/ Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  48. IWebS – Sample Scenario Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  49. Summary • Nomadic environments introduce challenges, such as varying QoS, variations and limitations of the mobile devices, as compared to desktop environments • Device independence and adaptation are key issues when designing and implementing services for such environments • Agent architecture with efficient communication • Ontologies • (Wireless) networks • QoS • Other domains need conceptualization as well • Services • Users • Preferences, etc. • Devices Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

  50. More information • Heikki Helin and Mikko Laukkanen: Performance Analysis of Software Agent Communication in Slow Wireless Networks. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN'02), October 2002 • Heikki Helin and Mikko Laukkanen: Wireless Network Ontology. In WWRF#9, July 2003 • Heikki Helin: Supporting Nomadic Agent-based Applications in FIPA Agent Architecture. PhD Thesis. University of Helsinki, Finland. February 2003. Heikki Helin: Wireless Agent-based Semantic Web Interaction

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