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Supply Chain RFID & Bar Code International Standards Efforts

Supply Chain RFID & Bar Code International Standards Efforts. by: Craig K. Harmon President & CEO Q.E.D. Systems. Craig K. Harmon • President & CEO Q.E.D. Systems. Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of RFID Chair, RFID Experts Group (REG)

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Supply Chain RFID & Bar Code International Standards Efforts

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  1. Supply Chain RFID & Bar Code International Standards Efforts by: Craig K. HarmonPresident & CEOQ.E.D. Systems

  2. Craig K. Harmon • President & CEOQ.E.D. Systems • Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of RFID • Chair, RFID Experts Group (REG) • Founder, JTC 1/SC 31Ad Hoc Chair, Mobile Item Identification and Management • Senior Project Editor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 (RFID) • Chair, ISO TC 122/WG 4 (Shipping Labels) & ISO TC 122/WG 7 (Product Packaging) • Vice-chair, ASC MH 10 and U.S. TAG to ISO TC 122 (Packaging) • Project Editor, ISO 18185-5 (Electronic Container Seal - Physical Layer) • AIAG Bar Code, Applications, 2D, Tire, Returnables, & RFID Committees • Member, EPCglobal HAG (UHFGen2), FMCG BAG, HLS BAG, SAG, TLS, TDS, AIWG, SBAC • JTC 1 & TC 104 Liaison Officer to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R & ITU-T) • Past Chair, U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 (RFID) • Past Chair, ASC INCITS T6 (RFID) - ANS INCITS 256:1999, 2001 • Advisor and Member of USPS Strategic Technology Council • ISO TC 104 & 122 (Freight Containers / Packaging) Liaison Officer to JTC 1/SC 31 • Chairman & Project Editor, ANS MH10.8.2 (Data Application Identifiers) • Project Editor, EIA Shipping Label, Product, Product Package, & Component Marking • Original Project Editor, NATO STANAG 2233 (RFID for NATO Asset Tracking) • Vocabulary Rapporteur to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31, ISO/IEC 19762 - Harmonized vocabulary • CompTIA RFID Subject Matter Expert and RFID Certified Professional (CRCP) - RFID+ • Recipient of the 2004 Richard Dilling Award This presentation posted at: http://www.autoid.org/presentations/presentations.htm

  3. Types of Standards • Technology • Symbology, RFID, I.C. Card, Sensors, RTLS, GPS • Data Content • Semantics (DIs or AIs), Syntax • Conformance • Print Quality, Test Specifications, Conformance to Air Interface • Network • Object-to-object communications • Application Standards • Freight container, RTI, Ship Label, Product Package, Product Mark/Tag, eSeal

  4. ISO TC 122Packaging

  5. The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable Media - ORM) Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)ISO TC 8 (None)AIAG B-15 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4ISO 6346 (OCR)(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3ISO 15394(Returnable transport items)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (GRAI) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 ISO 15394(Transport units)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (SSCC) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 ISO 22742(Product packaging)ANS MH10.8.6GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 ISO 28219(Product tagging)ANS MH10.8.7GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item

  6. ISO TC 122 Project Status • ISO 21067,Packaging — Vocabulary • Standard Published 2007-06-28 • ISO 15394,Packaging — Bar code and two-dimensional symbols for shipping, transport and receiving labels (Revision of ISO 15394:2000) • DIS balloting underway 2007-03-07 to 2007-08-07 • ISO 22742,Packaging — Linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols for product packaging • Standard Published 2004-12-05 • ISO 28219,Packaging — Labelling and direct product marking with linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols • FDIS Registered 2007-06-20

  7. ISO TC 104/SC 4/WG 2Electronic Container Seals

  8. Three tags - different purposes Supply Chain Tag - ISO 17363 Container ID Tag - ISO 10891 (nee ISO 10374.2) Electronic Seal -ISO 18185

  9. ISO TC 104 project status • ISO 830,Freight containers — Vocabulary • CD passed, approved for DIS registration • Revision of ISO 830:1999, ISO 830:1999/Cor 1:2001 • ISO 17712,Freight containers — Mechanical seals • Publicly Available Specification (PAS) published 2006-07-25 • Draft International Standards (DIS) approved 2007-05-03 • Final Draft International Standards (FDIS) expected 2007-07-31 • ISO 18185,Freight containers — Electronic container seals • Part 1, Communication protocol, IS Published 2007-04-26 • Part 2, Environmental characteristics, IS Published 2007-04-16 • Part 3, Application requirements, IS Published 2006-05-22 • Part 4, Data protection, IS Published 2007-04-24 • Part 5, Physical layer, IS Published 2006-05-04 • Sensors (original Part 5) and Message sets (original part 6) withdrawn • ISO 10891,Freight containers — RF automatic identification • Renumbered from ISO 10374.2 (Resolution 307) with DIS due October 2008 • 10374 IS Issued 1991, Amd 1 1995 • ISO/CD 10891, Balloting 2007-07-01 through 2007-12-31

  10. ISO TC 122/104Joint Working Group (JWG)(Supply chain applications of RFID)

  11. The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency Identification - RFID) Layer 5 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4 (433 MHz)ISO 17363(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17364(Returnable transport items) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17365(Transport units) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17366(Product packaging) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17367(Product tagging) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item “TPA” - Trading Partner Agreement Concept Source: Akira Shibata, DENSO-Wave Corporation

  12. ISO TC 122/104 JWG project status(Revised 2007-07-10) • ISO 17363,Supply chain applications of RFID - Freight containers • International Standard published • ISO 17364,Supply chain applications of RFID - Returnable transport items • DIS registered for FDIS ballot 2007-06-12 • ISO 17365,Supply chain applications of RFID - Transport units • DIS registered for FDIS ballot 2007-06-12 • ISO 17366.2,Supply chain applications of RFID - Product packaging • International Standard under publication • ISO 17367.2,Supply chain applications of RFID - Product tagging • International Standard under publication Issues ISO/IEC 18000-3m3 - EPCglobal interference in ISO process 18000-6C - EPCglobal assignment of bit indication of HazMat

  13. AIM RFID Emblem & EPC Mark * For use on labels, inlets, tags: indicates frequency, coding authority, and data content/structure Identifies compatible readers/encoders for each type.

  14. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31(Automatic Identification & Data Capture Techniques)

  15. Terms & Definitions • ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology, Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC • Revision FCD ballot (31n2225) - Passed - FDIS by 2007-12-31 • ISO/IEC 19762-2, Information technology, Automatic Identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized Vocabulary — Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM) • Revision FCD ballot (31n2226) - Passed - FDIS by 2007-12-31 • ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology, Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized vocabulary — Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) • Revision FCD ballot (31n2227) - Passed - FDIS by 2007-12-31 • ISO/IEC 19762-4, Information technology, Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized vocabulary — Part 4: General terms relating to radio communications • Revision FCD ballot (31n2228) - Passed - FDIS by 2007-12-31 • ISO/IEC 19762-5, Information technology, Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized vocabulary — Part 5: Locating systems • Revision FCD ballot (31n2229) - Passed - FDIS by 2007-12-31

  16. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4RFID for Item Management

  17. Technical StandardsRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 3 • RFID for Item Management Air Interface (ISO 18000) • ISO/IEC 18000-1 - Generic parameters - Air interface • ISO/IEC 18000-2 - Parameters for air interface below 135 kHz • ISO/IEC 18000-3 - Parameters for air interface at 13.56 MHz • includes Mode 1 (15693) and Mode 2 (PJM) • draft includes Mode 3 (13,56 physical - Gen 2 logical) • ISO/IEC 18000-4 - Parameters for air interface at 2.45 GHz • ISO/IEC 18000-6 - Parameters for air interface at 860-960 MHz • includes Type A and Type B (INCITS 256) • includes Type C (EPCglobal Gen2) • draft includes battery-assist (PowerPaper and Intelleflex) • new amendment for TOTAL • ISO/IEC 18000-7 - Parameters for active air interface at 433.92 MHz

  18. New SC 31 Work of Interest • 24753 - Sensors and battery assist • 24791 - Software systems infrastructure • 18000, 3m3 - 13.56 MHz with Gen2 Logical Layer • New proposed work area on • Mobile RFID • Mobile item management • Ubiquitous sensor networks (USN)

  19. Dual Frequency for ILT? • There are applications where UHF works best and others where HF works best and the industry should resist attempts to force a one-size-fits-all solution. • The choice of technologies should not be based upon the product type submitted to the reader, not by application; the same receiving line will most likely not receive both pharmaceuticals (HF) and tires (UHF). • Dual tagging of items is NOT an option! • Novel antenna concepts, e.g. fractal antennas, may permit multi-frequency tags People have a tendency to overestimate technology in the short term and underestimate it in the long term - W. Gates

  20. Related Work on Optically Readable Media

  21. Direct Part Marking • AIM DPM-1-2006 - Direct Part Mark (DPM) Quality Guideline - Published 2006-12-12 • MIL-STD-130N, Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property - Public review until 2007-09-14 • AIAG B-4, Part Identification and Tracking Application Standard - Under revision to update Direct Part Marking and RFID

  22. Related Work on Radio Frequency Identification

  23. EPCglobal

  24. 18000 - 6c & -3m3Tag Memory

  25. 18000-6C & 3m3 MB “01” x10 x15 x17 x20 x00 x0F x14 x16 x18 x1F Zero fillto thewordboundary Reserved/AFI UII TagEncoding CRC Length PC always “0” for EPC Toggle - always “0” for EPC / “1” for ISO AFIs NSI XPC HazMat Indicator for EPC MB 11 is present

  26. Data Structure UII Memory UserMemory MB01 MB11 MSB LSB MSB LSB UII (inclEPC) PCBits (incl AFI) Storage Format RFU CRC16 Object Object Object UII ISO/IEC 15961/15962 • Data construction according to EPC proposal • Data construction according to ISO/IEC 15961/15962 standards Within MB01, use bit 15 to indicate that MB11 is, or is not, used.

  27. End User examples

  28. Application Family Identifiers (AFIs)

  29. New EPCglobal Activities of Interest • UHF Air Interface Working Group • HF Air Interface Working Group • Item Level Tagging JRG, Phase 2 • Tag Data JRG • Active Tagging JRG • Sensors and Battery-Assist JRG • Consumer Electronics IAG

  30. JD-JRG Results Affected • 41% of all respondents prefer to pay no additional cost premium for additional memory, 37% would pay a 25% increase in cost, 7% would pay a 50% increase, and a few would pay a 100% increase or more. • 43% of all respondents already knew what the ultimate tag memory size would be for their use case – five categories emerged. • Zero: A significant group of EPCglobal End Users prefer no user memory beyond the EPC serial number. They want tags in high volume that are as inexpensive as possible. They do not want to pay extra for user memory. • Up to 96 bits: A second group, such as the AFF industry, would like the option of writing a small amount of data to user memory for specific applications. They are also motivated by cost and do not want to pay extra. This information was provided directly at the TD JRG update to AFF during the Paris JAG meeting. • Up to 256 bits: A third group, such as the TLS industry, would like the option of writing larger amounts of data to user memory for specific applications. They are also motivated by cost and do not want to pay extra. This information was provided directly at the TD JRG update to TLS during the Paris JAG meeting. • 2K bits: A fourth group, representing Aerospace and all of the Automotive and Tire industries, needs a significant amount of user memory. Rather than selecting random levels of user memory size for specific applications or industries, they reached a consensus of 2K bits for their combined request. They are willing to pay extra for this level of user memory. • 64K bits: A fifth group, exclusively Aerospace, requested 64K bits to provide aircraft maintenance management. They are willing to pay a significant premium compared to the other groups for this highest level of user memory.

  31. RFID Experts Group (REG)

  32. AIM Global RFID Experts Group (REG) Guidelines • WG 5-I: Interrogator System Implementation & Operations • WG 5-B: Back-up • WG 5-L: Enabled Labels & Packaging • WG 5-R: Recyclability • WG 5-Q: Tag Quality • WG 5-E: Education & Certification • WG 5-G: Global Operation (Regulatory Database) • WG 5-P: Privacy (Public Policy) • WG 5-F: Safety (Public Policy) • WG 5-C: Security (Public Policy) • WG 5-T: Sensors and Transducers • WG 5-S: Technology Selection • WG 5-M: Software & Middleware • AIM Global RFID Emblem

  33. REG Chapters • AIM Global - Coordinator • JAISA - Japan • AIM Global EMEA - Europe, Middle East, & Africa • KARUS - Korea (in cooperation with AIM Korea) • Reaching out to China

  34. RFID Safety & Health Care Recommendations • Conformance clause in all standards for devices emitting RF (both electrical and magnetic) • ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 31 requests that JTC 1 should immediately require that all conformance standards for devices emitting RF energy (both electrical and magnetic) include a conformance clause noting: “Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this standard shall self-certify that RF emissions do not exceed the maximum permitted exposure limits recommended by either IEEE C95.1:2005 or ICNIRP according to IEC 62369-1. If a device manufacturer is unsure as to which recommendation to be cited for compliance the manufacturer shall self-certify to ICNIRP limits.” • Conformance clause in all standards for devices emitting RF (both electrical and magnetic) in a health care setting • ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 31 requests that JTC 1 should immediately require that all conformance standards for devices emitting RF energy (both electrical and magnetic), that may be used in a health care setting, include a conformance clause noting: “Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this standard shall self-certify that RF emissions and susceptibility comply with IEC 60601-1-2.”

  35. ISO/IEC Implementation TRsto SC 31/WG 4/SG 5 • ISO/IEC DTR 24729-1,Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Implementation guidelines – Part 1: RFID-enabled labels and packaging Source: REG WG 5-L & 5-B • ISO/IEC DTR 24729-2,Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Implementation guidelines – Part 2: Recyclability of RF tags Source: REG WG 5-R • ISO/IEC DTR 24729-3,Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Implementation guidelines – Part 3: RFID interrogator/antenna installation Source: REG WG 5-I

  36. ISO/IEC RFID Tag Quality • ISO/IEC xxxxx-1,Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Conformance – Part 1: Qualification of Design and Manufacture for RFID Source: REG WG 5-Q • ISO/IEC xxxxx-2,Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Conformance – Part 2: Verification of RFID tag quality Source: REG WG 5-Q ISO 17367— Supply chain applications of RFID — Product tagging, Annex A: Proposed guidelines for the verification and qualification of design and manufacture for RFID chips and transponders for tires To be proposed to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 3/SG 1 for new multi-part RFID tag quality standard

  37. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

  38. IEEE Sensor Standards (IEEE 1451) • IEEE Draft 1451.0, Draft Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators – Functions, Communications Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • IEEE Std 1451.1-1999, Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators - Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model • IEEE Std 1451.2-1997, Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators - Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • IEEE Std 1451.3-2003, IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators—Digital Communication and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats for Distributed Multidrop Systems • IEEE Std 1451.4-2004, IEEE Standard for A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Mixed-Mode Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • IEEE Draft 1451.5, Draft Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators – Wireless Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • IEEE Draft 1451.6, Draft Standard for A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators - A High-speed CANopen-based Transducer Network Interface for Intrinsically Safe and Non-intrinsically Safe Applications • IEEE Draft 1451.7, Draft IEEE Standard: Sensors for RFID

  39. IEEE Sensor Coordination (IEEE 1451.7) • Co-chairs - SC 31 & IEEE • Coordination with 24753 - Sensors and battery assist and 18000 standards • Interfaces under consideration • SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) • I2C (I Squared C) • One-wire • UART (RS232/RS485) • Potential synergy with ubiquitous sensor networks (USN)

  40. Mobile ItemIdentificationandManagement

  41. Today (Mobile RFID) • Mobile RFID has been standardized within the Near Field Communications (NFC) Forum at 13.56 MHz • Numerous organizations have expressed expanding the scope of mobile RFID, including: • NFC Forum/ECMA (ISO/IEC 18092, 22536, 21481, 28361) • ITU-T (Joint Coordinating Activity - Network ID, including RFID) • SC 31/WG 6 (Ad Hoc Formed)

  42. Meeting arrangements for the first meeting of the MIIM Ad Hoc In recognition of the requirement for a four month meeting notice the first meeting of the the ad hoc group on Mobile item identification and management in support of consumer applications shall occur in Seoul, Korea on 30-31 October 2007. Specifics of the Ad Hoc can be found in 31n2305 and Agenda/Logistic information for the first meeting in 31n2313

  43. Tomorrow (ISO) • Establishment of new work area for mobile item identification • Includes mobile RFID, optically readable web based services, and sensor networks • Will recommend the formation of a Joint Working Group (JWG) between JTC 1/SC 31, JTC 1/SC 6, and ITU-T for areas having the interest of multiple SDOs

  44. Joint Automotive Industry Forum (JAIF)

  45. JAIF Consituents • JAMA - Japan Automotive Manufacturers Association • JAPIA - Japan Auto Parts Industries Association • ODETTE - Europe • VDA - Verband der Automobilindustrie • AIAG - North America

  46. JAIF - Global RFIDGuidelines

  47. JAIF RFID GuidelinesTimeline

  48. The Future • RFID is an evolutionary technology, not a revolutionary technology • Bar code technology will exist along side of RFID and will serve as a back-up to potentially failed RF tags • EPC requires a complete change in the infrastructure of an organization. Adoption of EPC should be done with one’s eyes wide open!

  49. Thank you!!! Craig K. Harmon(V): +1 319/364-0212(E): craig.harmon@qed.org(U): http://www.autoid.org

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