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Language. Language is a system of symbols that allows people to share their ideas and thoughts with others. Definition:. Symbols represent an idea, thought, or object. Words:. Denotative Connotative. Meanings:. Time Place Personal Experience. Language changes:. Spoken language
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Language is a system of symbols that allows people to share their ideas and thoughts with others. Definition:
Denotative • Connotative Meanings:
Time • Place • Personal Experience Language changes:
Spoken language • Written language Differences:
Personal pronouns • Varied types of sentences • More repetition • More easily understood Spoken language uses
4 Key Words Effectiveness:
Correct word • Correct grammar *Accuracy
Familiar words • Free of unnecessary words • Specific words *Clarity
Mammal general • Canine • Herding dog • German shepherd • Duchess specific (abstract ladder)
Imagery • Adjectives and Adverbs • Detail • Figures of Speech *Vividness
Simile • Metaphor • Alliteration • Repetition • Antithesis • Onomatopoeia • Personification • Parallelism (Figures of Speech)
Comparison using “like” or “as” • Love is like the wind. You can’t see it, but you can feel it. Valentine! simile
Comparison not using “like” or “as” • “America is a shining city on a hill.” Ronald Reagan metaphor
Repetition of the beginning sound of words that are adjacent or close together • [The astronauts] have slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God. Challenger speech - Reagan alliteration
Using exact words or phrases two or more times • “We will always remember; we will always be proud; we will always be prepared so we will always be free. Normandy - Reagan Repetition
Expressing contrasting ideas in a parallel structure • “We meant to change a nation; instead we changed the world.” Reagan Antithesis
“Government isn’t the solution to the problem; government is the problem.” Reagan • “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” JFK Inaugural
The sound reflects the meaning of the word • Click, snap, pop, hum onomatopoeia
Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects • The arms of the tree waved in the wind. personification
Occasion • You and your role • Audience *Appropriateness
Avoid: • Slang, jargon, obscenity • Demeaning language (gender, race, religion, age, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, economic level)
Make decisions about word choice based on your own values of respect, mindfulness, accuracy----NOT to be “politically correct.”
Slanting: Choosing words unethically to produce a particular response. • Allness terms: All-encompassing, absolute Troublesome words: