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14th RD50 - Workshop on  Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders, Freiburg, Germany, 3-5 June 2009. Contributions of Electrons and Holes to Total Collected Charge in Heavily Irradiated Si Pad and Strip/Pixel Detectors: A Comparison Simulation Study Zheng Li

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  1. 14th RD50 - Workshop on  Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders, Freiburg, Germany, 3-5 June 2009 Contributions of Electrons and Holes to Total Collected Charge in Heavily Irradiated Si Pad and Strip/Pixel Detectors: A Comparison Simulation Study Zheng Li Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA *This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy: Contract No. DE-AC02 -98CH10886 and it is within the frame work of CERN RD39 and RD50 Collaborations

  2. 1. The simplified Model of Electric and Weighting Fields:analytical solutions for collected charge2. Simulation Results in Analytical Forms and plots3. Increased Hole Contribution in Collected Charge in Heavy Irradiation Environments 4. Some Approximations 5. Summary Outline

  3. Simplified Model of Electric and Weighting Fields analytical solutions for collected charge Real weighting field Weighting field: , P is the segmentation pitch d the detector thickness, or depletion depth Electric Field: Real field Region 1 Region 2 n+ p+ e h

  4. Simplified Model of Electric and Weighting Fields Two typical cases: Strip/pixel front, Junction front (SFJF) Strip/pixel front, Junction back (SFJB) , Region 1 Region 2

  5. Simplified Model of Electric and Weighting Fields Basic equations Carrier drift velocity: Depletion Depth: , Trapping time constant: Induced current by a Charge layer at x0: Total collected charge:

  6. Simulation Results Solutions We can obtain analytical solutions for collected charges: Electrons: Holes: Where:

  7. Simulation Results Plots We can make some plots for some typical cases: The total collected charge is a little bit lower, but not by much if the low E-field region at the strip side is not too low. a) SFJF b) SFJB Fig. 5 Collected charges for a strip or pixel detector with a) junction on the strip side (SFJF), and, b) junction on the backside (SFJB). The high-weighting field is 100 times more than the low one ( = 0.01), and high-electric field is 3 times more than the low one ( = 0.3 for JF, and 3.333 for JB).

  8. Simulation Results Plots The total collected charge much lower if the low E-field region at the strip side is very low. a) SFJF b) SFJB Fig. 5 Collected charges for a strip or pixel detector with a) junction on the strip side (SFJF), and, b) junction on the backside (SFJB). The high-weighting field is 100 times more than the low one ( = 0.01), and high-electric field is 30 times more than the low one ( = 0.03 for JF, and 33.33 for JB).

  9. Simulation Results Plots Partial depletion cases: Half of total collected charge if only half of the detector is depleted. Zero total collected charge if there is no E-field near the strip side. a) SFJF b) SFJB

  10. Simulation Results Detector thickness dependence: The thickness the detector, the more contribution of e’s to Q at low fluences At high fluences (>5x1015neq/cm2), total collected charge are almost the same and contribution by holes are approaching those of e’s for all thickness >P.

  11. Increased Hole Contribution in Collected Charge in Heavy Irradiation Environments Detector segmentation/pitch dependence: For P  60 µm, the hole contribution is about 43% due to P >> dCCE or dt For P < 60 µm, the hole contribution decreases as the P approaches dCCE or dt

  12. Increased Hole Contribution in Collected Charge in Heavy Irradiation Environments Detector segmentation/pitch dependence: Explanations For P >> dCCE or dt, (cases of high radiation, or large pitch) hole contribution is compatible to that of electron For P  dCCE or dt, (cases of low radiation, or very small pitch) hole contribution is much smaller than that of electron

  13. Increased Hole Contribution in Collected Charge in Heavy Irradiation Environments Detector bias voltage dependence: For V  1000 volts, Q reaches more than 90% of the maximum For P = 40 µm, the hole contribution is about 36%

  14. Some Approximations Partially depleted detector: E-field in region 2 is zero ( =0 ), w = L

  15. Some Approximations At high fluences (SLHC): At 1x1016 neq/cm2: dCCE = 20 µm: Q ~ 3200 e’s

  16. Some Approximations At low fluences ( 1015 neq/cm2) For pad detectors: For fully depleted pad detectors:

  17. Summary 1. A simple model has bee developed to simulate segmentated Si detectors2. Analytical solutions can be obtained for colleted charge 3. Contribution of hole to the total colletected charge increases with radiation fluence in a n+ segmentation Si detector4. At SLHC fluences close to 1x1016 neq/cm2, contribution of hole to the total colletected charge is comparable to that of electrons 5. At SLHC fluences, total collected charge can be appriximated as:6. To improve radiation hardness, carrier trapping distance has to be increased --- e.g. by pre-filling of the traps, or decrease carrier drift distance (3D)

  18. Collected charges simulated with real weighting field

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