1 / 32

Welcome to LAT1121!

Welcome to LAT1121!. Please fill out an information note card, like below. . Rapid Review: Wheelock Chapters 1-14. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives. Their function in the sentence is indicated by their case , not by the word order of the sentence. There are six cases: Nominative

makara
Download Presentation

Welcome to LAT1121!

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Welcome to LAT1121! Please fill out an information note card, like below.

  2. Rapid Review:Wheelock Chapters 1-14

  3. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Their function in the sentence is indicated by their case, not by the word order of the sentence. There are six cases: Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Vocative

  4. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Besides case, nouns also have gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter. They also have number: singular or plural. So nouns have three important characteristics: GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE.

  5. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Nouns are divided into five groups called declensions. So far, we’ve learned the first 3 declensions (and we’ll learn the remaining 2 this semester, huzzah!) Remember: DECLENSION ≠ GENDER!

  6. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives We can identify the declension of a noun by looking at the ending of its genitive singular. To decline a noun, we add the appropriate case endings to the noun’s stem.

  7. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 1st declension: porta, portae, f porta portae portae portarum portae portīs portam portas portīs portā

  8. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 2nd declension: campus, campi, m campus campi campi camporum campo campīs campum campos campīs campo

  9. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives The form of the vocative case is identical to that of the nominative in every declension EXCEPT certain 2nd declension nouns, following these rules: -us → -e ex: Marcus → Marce -ius → –i ex: filius → fili also, meus → mi

  10. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 3rd declension: rex, regis, m rex reges regis regum regi regibus regem reges regibus rege

  11. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives The form of neuter nouns follow the following rules in all declensions: nom = acc nom/acc pl = -a

  12. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives There is a special group of 3rd declension nouns known as i-stems, which differ from other 3rd declensions like this:

  13. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives • M/F • nom. sg. ending in –is or –es, having the same number of syllables in the nominative and genitive • nom sg. in –s or –x w/ base in 2 consonants. Most of their nominatives are monosyllabic. N • nom. sg. ending in –al, -ar, or –e There are some rules we have to help us remember which 3rd declension nouns are i-stems:

  14. Ablative Uses So far we’ve learned: w/ a preposition (SID SPACE) means/instrument - NO preposition! accompaniment - takes cum -manner - takes cum

  15. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Adjectives MUST agree with the nouns they modify in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE! Adjectives are grouped, like nouns. So far we’ve learned 1st/2nd declension adjectives. Don’t be confused by their names, ANY adjective can describe ANY noun of ANY declension, regardless of declension, as long as they AGREE INGENDER, NUMBER, AND CASE!

  16. Adjectives Adjectives can be used as substantives. You get the stem of the adj from the feminine or neuter form. There’s a group of special –ius adjectives that have genitive singular in –ius and dative singular in –i.

  17. Personal Pronouns 1st person sg: ego, mei, mihi, me, me 2nd person sg: tu, tui, tibi, te, te 1st person pl: nos, nostrum/nostri, nobis, nos, nobis 2nd person pl: vos, vestrum/vestri, vobis, vos, vobis Genitives of the 1st and 2nd person are NOT for possession. They were used as objective and partitive genitives. nostrum/vestrum = partitive nostri/vestri = objective is, ea, id are used as 3rd person pronouns, and the genitives were often used for possession

  18. Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject, so they have no nominative case. For 1st and 2nd sg and pl, their forms are the same as the personal pronoun 3rd person reflexives are the same for sg and pl Forms: --, sui, sibi, se, se Reflexive possessive adjs. are meus, tuus, noster, vester, and suus

  19. Verbs Verbs have five characteristics: Person 1st, 2nd, or 3rd? Number singular or plural? Tense pres, fut, imp, pf, fut pf, or plupf? Voice active or passive? Mood indicative, imperative, or subjunctive?

  20. Verbs Verbs are divided into four groups called conjugations. 1st conj. = -are 2nd conj. = -ēre 3rd conj. = -ere 4th conj. = -ire There’s also a subsection of the 3rd conjugation known as ‘3rd –io’ which often act like 4th conjugation verbs, but have infinitive in –ere.

  21. Verbs The personal endings of the verbs tell us its five characteristics. What are the personal endings of the active voice? -o or –m -s -t -mus -tis -nt

  22. Verbs To conjugate a verb, add the personal endings to the stem. How do we find the present stem? What tenses are formed off the present stem? How do we find the perfect stem? What tenses are formed off the perfect stem?

  23. Verbs: Imperatives The singular imperative is just like the present stem. The plural has a –te added. amare ama amate monēre monē monēte agere age agite audire audi audite There are 4 irregular imperatives duc, dic, fac, fer

  24. Verbs: Present Tense amo moneo ago capio audio amas mones agis capis audis amat monet agit capit audit amamus monemus agimus capimus audimus amatis monetis agitis capitis auditis amant monent agunt capiunt audiunt To form the present tense, just add the personal endings to the present stem.

  25. Verbs: Imperfect The imperfect tense is used for continuous or repetitive actions in the past. To form the imperfect, stick the infix ‘ba’ in between the present stem and the personal endings. Ex: laudabam, laudabas, laudabat, etc 3rd –io and 4th conj. verbs have an ‘e’ between the ‘i’ and the personal endings (capiebam, audiebam, etc)

  26. Verbs: Future 1st and 2nd conjugations form the future with the infix ‘bi’ (Remember: Bo will bunt) In 3rd and 4th conjugations, the sign of the future tense is the vowel ‘e’ (‘a’ in 1st sg) Ex: agam, ages, aget, etc

  27. Verbs: Future Remember: In conjugations 1 and 2, you must use ‘bo,’ ‘bi,’ ‘bu.’ In conjugations 4 and 3, you must use ‘a’ and ‘e.’

  28. Verbs: Sum and Possum Imperfect eram eras erat eramus eratis erant Future ero eris erit erimus eritis erunt Present sum es est sumus estis sunt The forms of possum are the same as sum but with pot- in front of them.

  29. Verbs: Sum and Possum Present possum potes potest possumus potestis possunt Imperfect poteram poteras poterat poteramus poteratis poterant Future potero poteris poterit poterimus poteritis poterunt Present possum potes potest possumus potestis possunt The forms of possum are the same as sum but with pot- in front of them. Where sum begins with an ‘s,’ the ‘t’ also turns into an ‘s.’

  30. Verbs: Perfect System To find the stem, drop the –i off the 3rd principal part.

  31. Verbs: Perfect System The perfect is used to talk about an action in the past as a single, completed event. The pluperfect and future perfect are used like they are in English, generally looking at consequences of completed actions. The perfect tenses are often used to discuss events relative, temporally, to other events.

  32. Verbs: Impf. and the Pf. Sys. laudabam Imperfect laudaveram Pluperfect laudavi Perfect Future Perfect laudavero

More Related