Dr. Donald R. Riley Chair, IEEAF (ieeaf) SURA IT Fellow

1. The Internet Educational Equal Access FoundationIEEAF Global QuiltHigh speed links to Western Africa's coastal countriesInternational Workshop on African Research & Education NetworkingGeneva, SwitzerlandSeptember 25-27, 2005 Dr. Donald R. Riley Chair, IEEAF (www.ieeaf.org) SURA IT Fellow Professor, Decision Information Technologies Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland, College Park Tel 301-405-8855; Fax 301-405-8655 Home Office/Mobile: 240-683-4564 drriley@umd.edu

2. Extending High Bandwidth Performance Internet Connectivity to the African Research and Education Community

3. What’s the real target? What are the important strategic issues? • Is it just about the Internet? Or Internet2? NGI? • Are universities just consumers/customers? • Or are universities the cornerstone of “knowledge society” and “globalization”? Of both the human infrastructure and economic development via new technology development and transfer? • Are we aiming for the future? • Or just for today or yesterday? In other words, to always be behind?

4. Bandwidth Divide for Africa • International Connectivity is poor • Internet cost is very high • Satellite access limits what can be undertaken because of latencies and asymmetrical characteristics (assumes Africa is user of, not generator of, new information) • Significant barriers to access to information and resources, modern education, collaboration, research, funding opportunities • Dedicated NRENs are few • Internet2 access is almost non-existent • Human infrastructure is not being developed at rate needed • The gap is widening

5. By all measures, Africa is behind

6. Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities

7. S.E. Europe, Russia: catching up Latin Am., Mid East, China: keeping up India, Africa: falling behind Trends in Internet Troughput

8. Loss to Africa (example of variability)

9. Africa Derived Throughput

10. Round Trip Transmission Times

11. Development and Spread of Internet2 (NGI) • U.S. Internet2 effort launched in 1996 • Represents R&D for “Next Generation Internet” • Has become international development effort with • International Partners in 43 Countries • NRENs: National Research and Education Networks • Plus development of Regional Backbones (Europe with GEANT/DANTE, South America with CLARA, APAN in Asia Pacific) • Represents significant economic development resource • Not much happening in Africa

12. Internet2 International Partner Organizations and Networks Internet2 has formed peer-level relationships with organizations outside the U.S. who have projects similar to Internet2 in scope and objectives. Internet2 currently partners with over 40 of these international organizations and networks. Internet2: International Partners

13. Map of International GLIF Initiative:Global Lambda Integrated Facility Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA. www.glif.is

14. Public-Private Partnership: IEEAF • The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation (IEEAF) is a partnership between the Research and Education Community and the Private Sector whose goal is to obtain donations of international bandwidth to enable a global collaboration in research and education. • Current donations have already linked US and Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific. • This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in research and education, in the true spirit of the Global Quilt Initiative.

15. "Non Nobis Solo" (Not by ourselves alone) IEEAF Vision: The Global Quilt A Network of Networks, “stitched together” to create a common single fabric, and shared equally by all. This will be achieved through collaboration and community effort, until it covers the globe. The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” territory…..

16. IEEAF Global Quilt Initiative 7600 km 9300 km 10 Gbps l + 622 Mbps 10 Gbps l + 622 Mbps 17 Time Zones

17. IEEAF Donation Summary • 10 Gbps l (OC-192 wavelength) plus separate 622 Mbps STM-1. • New York - London - Groningen (Netherlands) • Seattle - Tokyo • Fiber pair: from Tyco Cable Station Groningen to Amsterdam, and to Hamburg co-location facility • Fiber pair: Hamburg facility to 379 Weinderstrasse carrier hotel, where “German rings” meet • Fiber pair: UK • 8,000 miles of trans-USA fiber donated by AT&T to the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) as SURA-IEEAF partnership • Submarine bandwidth under discussion: • To Lisbon • UK-Bilbao-Madrid-Valencia-Barcelona-Marseilles • To Copenhagen and St. Petersburg • To Singapore, Thailand, India • A new 10 gigabyte trans-Atlantic connectivity which GEO will use specifically for telemedicine and HEP initiatives.

18. More Donations Pending • The IEEAF is currently in negotiations for multiple pending donations that if successfully concluded will double the size of the Global Quilt Initiative and span all time zones. • Negotiations for donations are being supported by a global community of Research and Education Visionaries: • to Southeast Asia • in Eastern Europe • to Scandinavian/Nordic countries • to Africa • to India and South Asia

19. Partnerships Create Donations • We’re here to help any community trying to establish educational networks • We’re successful because of the partnerships with leaders who share our vision • It’s the partnerships that make it happen. Joining hands completes the ring….. • A network of networks.... • Community to community and village to village... • The Global Quilt

20. Geographical Map of Dark Fiber for IEEAF in Japan (as of Oct. 2003) To IEEAF/US Connected site DF 10Gbps over SONET/SDH To: JAIST Univ. of Tokyo To Korea NTT/KDD JAIST To: Osaka TITECH Osaka Kyushu KEIO SFC NAIST To IEEAF/Asia (in plan) IEEAF Partnership with WIDE • Jun Murai, Keio University and WIDE Project: • Asset Steward of IEEAF Trans-Pacific Link from Seattle to Tokyo • Established open Tokyo Lambda Exchange (T-LEx) • Extending beyond Tokyo

21. Thailand Regional Initiative: Next Generation InternetAnnounced by H.E.Dr. Surapong Suebwonglee, Minister of ICT, ThailandJanuary 26, 2005

22. SOI and WIDE

23. NSF Funding for International Research Network Connections (IRNC) • NSF funding new links from U.S. to International R&E Networks (2.5 to 10 Gbps “lambdas”) • To Europe • To Asia-Pacific • To South America • To China and Russia • Nothing to Africa

24. International Connectivity, Open R&E Exchanges, and International Peerings N.America Europe Japan S.America

25. AtlanticWave: linking US East Coast International Exchanges • IEEAF partnering with SURA, FIU-AMPATH-WHREN, MAX, SoX/SLR, Internet2/MANLAN, and the Academic Network of Sao Paulo (ANSP) to establish AtlanticWave • AtlanticWave is an International Peering Fabric along the East Coast • US, Canada, Europe, South America Plus…. • Distributed IP peering points: • NYC, WDC, ATL, MIA, SPB

26. IEEAF and Africa • May 2004: Asked by NSF if IEEAF techniques could work in Africa • November 2005: In partnership with Internews, received small grant from NSF to do feasibility study and develop plan for “Extending High Bandwidth Academic and Research Networking to Africa” to support US-Africa research collaborations • John Mack, J.L. Mack and Associates U.S. State Dept. (retired) • George Sadowsky, Internews Network and Internet Society New York University (retired) • Don Riley, Univ. of Maryland, Chair, IEEAF • Ed Fantegrossi, CEO, Geographic Network Affiliates (GEO) and IEEAF board • Don Benton, GEO • Tom Durkin, GEO

27. IEEAF and Africa • January 2005: co-chaired NSF workshop on “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment” • February 2005: team visit to Senegal, Ghana • May 2005: Co-organized IEEAF-Internet2 Worshop on “Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa”

28. January NSF Workshop “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment” • Attendees: US and African researchers, US Internet2 community, some US agencies and foundations • Major conclusion: • Both the quantity and quality of research collaborations are significantly limited by lack of adequate international connectivity and related infrastructure within country and on campus. • Data generated in and about Africa typically put on servers in US and Europe because of African bandwidth issues. So African researchers have poor and expensive access to data from and about Africa.

29. May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa • Participating organizations: NSF, National Library of Medicine, World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, IDRC, NSRC, E-Africa Commission, National Knowledge Commission of India, TENET, Internet2, IEEAF and others. • Assessment of the situation • Connectivity for universities and other R&E institutions is sparse, unreliable, expensive, and low capacity; it needs to be dense, reliable, cheap, and higher capacity. Due to the current state of development of applications and usage, it doesn't yet need to be at the same level as currently being implemented in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. • There are many African and international initiatives in this area. There is a need to take stock of all these initiatives and to develop better mechanisms to share information, coordinate activities to create a more comprehensive and inclusive plan, set priorities, and reduce duplication and gaps. • Its essential to ensure that Africans are included and active in setting the agenda.

30. May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa What the global R&E networking community can do: • Recognize that the situation is one of mutual need. Because of African R&E's dire need for connectivity and Africa's importance to global R&E, global R&E is an ideal constituency to help push African R&E networking forward. • Bring people together. There was strong interest in regular meetings and follow-up workshops, with a view toward coordinating projects, building relationships with African R&E, and better understanding African networking priorities. • Jump-start the private sector. The private sector must be central to the development of African R&E networking, but can't do it alone. Projects should aim to encourage the growth of, and competition among, commercial Internet providers.

31. May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa What the global R&E networking community can do (cont’d) • Help build NRENs and regional consortia in Africa. NRENs play a unique role in development of R&E connectivity and capabilities. They are a proven model on the international scene in promoting and moving forward the needed infrastructure and expertise in both developed and developing countries. • Focus on capacity-building on African campuses. African universities should play a unique role in developing the human infrastructure required for an “information society” – as they have in other countries. Development of needed campus networks and NRENs is a key component of providing actual experience in designing, building, and operating modern communications networks. • Keep the larger perspective. R&E is key to development of the Internet more generally (the original NSFnet model, as well as multiple examples in other countries), and the Internet is key to African development more generally. Accordingly, we should look for projects in areas related to R&E that have potential for wider impact, above all in the health sector.

32. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development”

33. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) ThaiREN WHREN IEEAF Donations – 10 Gig and STM-4 – 17 Time Zones Tokyo Hamburg African Collaboration Initiative

34. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development” The Issues: • In-Country “PTT Protectionist” Issues • Local Domestic Politics • Consortium Submarine Cable Operators “Seasoned Monopoly” • Missing International Business Drivers • Sustainability

35. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Enables “Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development” The Plan: • Bring to bear our experience with public-private partnership and “17 time zones of critical mass success in bandwidth donations.” • Add a team with “historical knowledge of projects, participants and government relationships.” • Team together “International Telecom Knowledge” and their Relationships with “global multinational telecom opportunities and barter.” • “Establish the beach head – Set-up Hub and Spoke Design” -- the first Quilt patch.

36. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) STEP ONE: Submarine Cable Landing Site To First University Asset Steward Exchange Point

37. Step One Step Two STRATEGIC PLAN: Leverage NSF funding for link to Africa • Submarine Cable Plan from Amsterdam to Portugal to Senegal and Ghana AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION • Terrestrial Fiber plan solution from CHE to University TEP • WiMAX to extend access around University TEP • Collaboration with defined African Research Initiatives • Asset Steward Hub and Spoke to neighboring country design project

38. International and National Neutral Exchange Facility Global Telemedicine Initiatives TEP R & E Community Donated Backhaul Dark Fiber U U H Fiber DonatorsFacility Space Carrier Neutral Exchange Facility Content Services Servicing African R&E Institutions and Government Projects U H AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) IEEAF Asset Steward Technology Exchange Point (TEP) Second Phase of donator’s network to neighboring countries Global Medical Research Exchange (GMRE) Telecom Neutral Exchange Submarine Cablehead End Building Key University Hospital

39. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) STEP TWO: HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS: Border country telecom donations “linking” back to the newly established international exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University Asset Steward’’ at sub-cable landing

40. U U U U H H U H AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) Step Two Country B Country D Step Two Country C Country A Step Two Key University Country E Hospital

41. Country B Donated Backhaul U U U U Step Two H H AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) Country C Country B Telco Fiber Network Country A Second Phase of Donator’s Network to neighboring countries Country A …Cable Head End

42. MOROCCO TUNISIA Mediterranean Sea EMC EMC EMC ALGERIA WESTERN LIBYA EGYPT SAHARA EMC SAUDI ARABIA EMC Red Sea MAURITANIA NIGER MALI CHAD Entrea SENEGAL SUDAN THE DJIBOUTI BURKINA FASO GAMBIA TEP TEP TEP TEP GUINEA GUINEA NIGERIA BISSAU BENIN SIERRA IVORY TOGO GHANA CENTRAL LEONE COAST ETHIOPIA AFRICAN CAMEROON LIBERIA REPUBLIC SOMALIA UGANDA EQUATORIAL CONGO GUINEA KENYA GABON RWANDA BURUNDI Indian DEMOCRATIC REP. Of Congo ANGOLA TANZANIA South Ocean MALAWI Atlantic ANGOLA EASSY ZAMBIA Ocean MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZAMBABWE NAMIBIA Countries A BOTSWANA Countries B SWAZILAND LESOTHO Indian SOUTH AFRICA Ocean A B A A A B A A A B B B B B B A A A A SAFE AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) SAT 3 DANTE EUMEDCONNECT MOROCCO TUNISIA Mediterranean Sea ALGERIA WESTERN LIBYA EGYPT SAHARA SAUDI ARABIA UAE Red Sea MAURITANIA NIGER MALI CHAD * Niamey SENEGAL Bamako SUDAN THE DJIBOUTI BURKINA FASO GAMBIA GUINEA GUINEA NIGERIA BISSAU BENIN SIERRA IVORY Lagos TOGO GHANA CENTRAL LEONE COAST ETHIOPIA Ile-ife University U AFRICAN CAMEROON LIBERIA REPUBLIC Yaounde World Bank Regional Communications Infrastructure Program (“RCIP”) SOMALIA UGANDA EQUATORIAL CONGO GUINEA KENYA GABON Mombasa RWANDA BURUNDI DEMOCRATIC REP. Of Congo Dares Salaam ANGOLA TANZANIA South MALAWI Atlantic ANGOLA ZAMBIA Beira Ocean MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZAMBABWE NAMIBIA BOTSWANA Capita SWAZILAND LESOTHO Indian SOUTH AFRICA Ocean

43. AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATION INTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF) “Significant Broadband Access” Leads To “Empowerment and Economic Development” The Invitation: • Invite the R&E community starting from today to stand with us for a “FINAL PUSH” • “Alignment”… • … Our combined weight, pushing in a single direction, will burst open the “Access Doorways” for our African Colleagues The End Result……… Broadband for Research Project Collaborations equals “Empowerment and Economic Development”

44. THE GLOBAL QUILT