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Short Story Elements

Short Story Elements. What is a short story?. A brief, imaginative narrative containing few characters, simple plot, conflict, and suspense which leads to a climax and a swift conclusion. Can be read in one sitting. THE 4 ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY. PLOT SETTING CHARACTER THEME. #1. PLOT.

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Short Story Elements

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  1. Short Story Elements

  2. What is a short story? • A brief, imaginative narrative containing few characters, simple plot, conflict, and suspense which leads to a climax and a swift conclusion. • Can be read in one sitting

  3. THE 4 ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY • PLOT • SETTING • CHARACTER • THEME

  4. #1. PLOT The chain of events in a story. Consists of 6 main ingredients: • Introduction/Exposition • Inciting incident • Rising action • Climax • Falling Action • Resolution

  5. PLOT GRAPH An excellent way to map out a story’s plot

  6. Introduction Introduces the reader to: • Setting • Basic situation • Characters involved • Narrative Hook: question or statement that grabs the reader’s attention

  7. Inciting Incident • The first major action in the story that sets the story in motion (gets the ball rolling).

  8. Rising Action Incidents which carry the plot along. It often includes the following: • Foreshadowing • Flashback • Conflict • Suspense

  9. FORESHADOWING • A technique for hinting at events that may occur later in the plot.

  10. FLASHBACK • The insertion of an earlier event into the time order of a narrative.

  11. Conflict • It is what prevents the main character from getting what he or she wants • The plot is driven by climax and it is THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF THE STORY • There are two types of conflicts: Internal and External

  12. Internal Conflict PERSON VS. SELF

  13. External ConflictPERSON VS. PERSON

  14. External ConflictPERSON VS. SOCIETY

  15. External ConflictPERSON VS.THE ENVIRONMENT

  16. External ConflictPERSON VS. FATE

  17. External ConflictPERSON VS. TECHNOLOGY

  18. External ConflictPERSON VS. THE SUPERNATURAL

  19. SUSPENSE • The feeling of excitement and curiosity that keeps the reader turning the pages; created by making the readers wonder how the conflict will be resolved

  20. Irony • Verbal Irony:When a character says one thing, but means another. • Situational Irony: When the reader knows information that the characters do not. • Dramatic Irony:When information is totally unexpected by all

  21. CLIMAX • The highest point of interest in the story when the character(s) solves his/her struggles • Usually the point of highest emotion • The climax can be SUBJECTIVE (there may be different answers, so you must prove your choice)

  22. FALLING ACTION • The character completes the action of his/her decision

  23. THE RESOLUTION • The final workings of a story’s conflict • All of the loose ends are tied up (usually) • Narrative Twist: a surprise ending

  24. #2. SETTING • The time (time of day, season, present, past, future) and the location (country, planet, town, buildings, PLUS a description of the surroundings) where the action occurs • Helps to create the mood and atmosphere of the text

  25. ATMOSPHERE • The feeling that the setting evokes (i.e. mysterious, happy, eerie)

  26. MOOD • The author’s emotional attitude toward the subject matter (i.e. excitement, nostalgia) • NOT the mood of the characters

  27. #3. CHARACTERS • Any personalities who are involved in the plot of the story (people, animals, fantasy characters) • Usually less than 6 in a short story

  28. PROTAGONIST • Usually the “good guy” or hero in the story • The main character that we follow • The character that strives to solve the conflict

  29. ANTAGONIST • The “bad guy” or villain in the story • Usually creates conflict for the main character

  30. SECONDARY CHARACTERS • Other characters who are necessary to moving the plot along, but may not be involved with the central conflict

  31. CHARACTER TRAITS Physical and personality characteristics that are revealed through: • What the character does • What the character says • What other characters say or do about the character • What the author states directly • What the author infers

  32. Static VS. Dynamic Character • Static = The character stays the same (does not change). • Dynamic = The character changes or evolves in some way.

  33. #4. THEME The central idea about life that the story highlights; THE MAIN IDEA (universal truths). The message the author is conveying. • Determine the specific conflict • Decide what side of the conflict the story represents • How is the conflict resolved? Who wins? Who loses?

  34. THEME • Theme is NOT the moral of the story • Theme is NOT plot • Theme IS the general subject matter of a work of art • Theme may contain a message

  35. THEME • Not all short stories have a theme; some are just for entertainment or fun

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