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In the year 1569, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Wien river beneath a hill, where a former owner, in 1548, had erected a mansion called Katterburg. The emperor ordered the area to be fenced and put game there such as pheasants, ducks, deers, boars and exotic birds, in order to serve as the court's recreational hunting ground. Fishponds were built, too. • The name Schönbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring"), has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court. • During the next whole century, the area was used as a hunting and recreation ground.
The whole castle was built in Rococo style. It’s a 1,441-room summer residence in modern Vienna. The interior has many details and is similar to Barouqe. The main difference is that Rococo is less serious and religious. It’s more focused on details and glamour.
The sculpted garden space between the palace and the Sun Fountain is called the Great Parterre. • The complex however includes many more attractions: Besides the Tiergarten, an orangerie erected around 1755, staple luxuries of European palaces of its type, a palm house is noteworthy too. Western parts were turned into English garden style in 1828–1852. A modern enclosure for Orangutans, was restored besides a restaurant and office rooms in 2009.
The garden axis points towards a 60 meters higher hill, which since 1775 has been crowned by the Gloriette structure (Fischer von Erlach had initially planned to erect the main palace on the top of this hill). • Maria Theresa decided Gloriette should be designed to glorify Habsburg power and the Just War [a war that would be carried out of 'necessity' and lead to peace], and thereby ordered to recycle "otherwise useless stone" which was left from the almost-demolition of SchlossNeugebäude. The same material was also to be used for the Roman ruin. • The Gloriette today houses a café and gives the visitor a view of the city.
Lining the Great Parterre are 32 sculptures, which represent deities and virtues.
Originally known as the Ruin of Carthage, the Roman Ruin was designed by the architect Johann Ferdinand and erected as an entirely new architectural feature in 1778. It’s fully integrated into the parkland surroundings. • The Roman Ruin consists of a rectangular pool enclosed by a massive arch with lateral walls, evoking the impression of an ancient edifice slowly crumbling into the ground. In the pool in front of the ruin is an arrangement of stone fragments supporting a figural group which symbolizes the rivers Danube and Enns.
The Schönbrunn Palace Silver Coin • The palace was recently selected as the main motif of a high value commemorative coin: the Austrian 10 euro. The Palace of Schönbrunn Silver coin, was selected on October 8, 2003.
Modern History • Following the downfall of the monarchy in 1918 the newly founded Austrian Republic became the owner of SchönbrunnPalace.The Republic preserved it, as a museum,including all the rooms and chambers. • After World War II and during the Allied Occupation of Austria (1945–1955) Schönbrunn Palace, which was empty at the time, was used to provide offices for the Allied forces. • Later it was used for important events such as the meetings between famous politicans. • UNESCO catalogued Schönbrunn Palace on the World Heritage List in 1996, together with its gardens.
Today • The Palace is Vienna's most popular tourist destination, attended by 2,600,000 visitors in 2010.The whole Schönbrunn complex with TiergartenSchönbrunn, Palmenhaus, Wüstenhaus and the Wagenburg, accounted for more than five million visitors.In addition to tours and tour packages, many classical concerts featuring the music of W. A. Mozart can be enjoyed with the added benefit of more time in the spectacular halls, Orangerie, or Schlosstheater.
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