ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

1. ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah By: Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. Pojer

2. MUSLIM: One who submits to the Will of Allah

3. Founder of Islam in the 7th century C.E. in Mecca. He is the “Seal of the prophets” (the last prophet.) I. MOHAMMED

4. Led the fight against idolatry and polytheism. LET’S REVIEW! Polytheism- belief in many gods Monotheism- belief in one god

5. II. The Five Pillars of Faith • Major Rules of Islam

6. 1. Declaration (or Profession) of Faith • Sahada shows monotheism • Rejects Idolatry- worship of statues and idols DON’T WRITE There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].

7. 2. Prayer • Salat A. Must pray 5x a day • B. Facing Mecca- holiest city • C. Recite from the Koran (Qur’an) or sacred text • D. Muslims worship in a Mosque on Fridays

8. Prayers performed at:* dawn* noon* late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed DON’T WRITE

9. WRITE • A Muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from the Minaret or tower at the corner of the mosque.

10. One must wash before praying. One must prayer on a prayer rug or a clean space. DON’T WRITE

11. 3. Almsgiving • Zakat means Charity • You should anonymously donate 2.5% of your income.

12. 4. Fasting • Sawm • No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during the holy month ofRamadan. • For self-purification and shows devotion to Allah

13. DON’T WRITE Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday. • Ramadan takes place at a different time each year because it is based on the lunar calendar.

14. 5. Pilgrimage • Hajj (Hadj) • Religious journey to Mecca done at least once in a lifetime.

15. The Kaaba- the most revered (honored) shrine in Mecca built by Abraham Muslims circle it during hajj

17. DON’T WRITE • In Mecca all pilgrims wear white robes to symbolize their equality in the eyes of god. • Only Muslims are welcome in Mecca.

18. Sacred text: The Koran (Qur’an) The Sharia are Islamic laws in the Koran. It shows how to live. III. Important Beliefs

19. KORAN DO’S AND DON’TS FORBIDDEN: REQUIRED: Drinking alcohol Honor your parents Eating pork Protect women and Gambling children Worship of idols

20. II. The Five Pillars of Faith DON’T WRITE Muhammed fled there from Mecca. This is called the hijra, which is the beginning of the Muslim calendar Meccan merchants sought to kill Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of idols (He was bad for business). In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina. This was a turning point for Islam; Muslim converts in Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the religion grew. • Other holy cities in Islam: Medina

21. Jerusalem- Dome of the Rock Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven.

22. Sunni Shia or Shi’ite Sunnis believe any Muslim can be caliph or religious leader. Orthodox (stricter) form of Islam. Shia believe only direct descendants of Muhammed can be caliph. Sects of Islam DON’T WRITE

24. The Koran protects women but men’s interpretation of Koran changed things. In many Muslim countries, women must be veiled when they leave the house in Muslim countries. DON’T WRITE View of Women

25. Muslim Women in Burkas

26. Muslim Women in Head Scarves

27. What’s the difference between Muslim women in burkas and the way Christian nuns dress?

28. Struggle against evil. Some radical Muslim extremists use this idea to justify fighting a “holy war.” Jihad

29. The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam

30. Islam has Judeo-Christian Foundations • Muslims are strict monotheists. • They believe in the same God as Jews and Christians. • Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. • Muslims call Jews and Christians “People of the Book”

31. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

32. Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel

33. The Origins of the Qur’an • Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. • 622 Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina.* The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) • Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

34. The Qur’an • Muslims believe it contains the word of God. • 114 suras (chapters). • In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. • Written in Arabic.

35. Other Islamic Religious Practices • Up to four wives allowed at once. • No alcohol or pork. • No gambling. • Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. • Three holiest cities in Islam:* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

36. The Spread of Islam • Easy to learn and practice. • No priesthood. • Teaches equality. • Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. • Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes. • Jihad(“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

37. The Mosque • The Muslim place of worship.

38. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

39. Muslims in the WorldToday

40. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

41. Islam in America

42. Muslims in America

43. Muslim Culture in NYC The Islamic Center, New York City

48. Islam in America After September 11?