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Aim: What factors allowed for the rise of French absolutism?

Aim: What factors allowed for the rise of French absolutism?. Europe in the 17 th century (1600s): Agricultural and manufacturing slump Constant religious and dynastic wars during first part of the century Armies to fight these wars lead to new bureaucracies and higher taxes

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Aim: What factors allowed for the rise of French absolutism?

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  1. Aim: What factors allowed for the rise of French absolutism? • Europe in the 17th century (1600s): • Agricultural and manufacturing slump • Constant religious and dynastic wars during first part of the century • Armies to fight these wars lead to new bureaucracies and higher taxes • How will this change the expectations that Europeans have of their governments?

  2. Rise of Absolutism • Absolute monarchs believe they rule by divine right. • Absolute rulers do not believe in sharing authority with nobles or other officials. They have full control over: • Taxation/economy • Law/courts • Religion • Army • Foreign Policy

  3. France has been preparing for absolutism under the Valois Kings • Charles VII (1422-1461):First permanent royal army, Pragmatic Sanction • Louis XI (1461-1483):Spider king, gains Burgundy, Anjou, Maine and Provence through conquest and negotiation • Louis XII (1498-1515): Gains Brittany through marriage • Francis I (1515-1547) / Henry II (1547-1559): Taille tax on land, Baillis and Seneschals to enforce royal law, Concordat of Bologna • Three weak kings (Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III), religious conflict, War of the Three Henrys (1559-1589)

  4. Foundations of Absolutism • Henry IV (formerly Henry of Navarre) (1589-1610): • Starts the Bourbon Dynasty • Ends religious civil war through the Edict of Nantes • Lowers taxes • Introduces the paulette: Fee paid by royal officials to guarantee the right to pass their positions down to their heirs. How does this pave the way for absolutism? • Improves French infrastructure through new roads and canals. • Beginning of overseas trade • Assassinated in 1610.

  5. Foundations of Absolutism • Henry’s son Louis XIII takes over (1610-1643). The government is run by his first minister Cardinal Richelieu. • Absolutist Policies of Richelieu • System of intendants • Stifles the power of the nobility (spies to crush conspiracies, destroys feudal castles) • Changes the Edict of Nantes (no more fortified towns for Huguenots). • Supports the Protestants in the Thirty Years War What is the outcome for France?

  6. Foundations of Absolutism • Richelieu dies in 1642, followed by Louis XIII in 1643. The new king, Louis XIV is only five years old when he is crowned, so Cardinal Jules Mazarin rules for him as first minister. • The Fronde (1648-1653): Mass rebellions throughout France following the Thirty Years War, led by: • Nobles: Wish to regain rights and privileges • Peasants:Angry that they are being taxed heavily • Government Officials: Sick of being tools of the monarchy • Young Louis XIV is forced to flee Paris for his safety. How will this event influence him as a ruler?

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