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1. 主页面 Unit 1 Time-Conscious Americans

2. Before Reading-warm up >> WARM-UP ACTIVITIES • Think • 1. What precious resource do Americans value and save ? • 2. What three behaviors do Americans consider are a waste of time ? • 3. In what different ways do Americans approach time in business relations ?

3. Pair Work: Make a dialog with your partner • based on those three questions. Before Reading-warm up >> WARM-UP ACTIVITIES • Oral Practice: Make a story on the topic “Americans’ Attitude Towards Time” based on the three questions above, and try to share it with your classmates.

4. Before Reading-understanding the text >> PRE-READING ACTIVITIES • Some time-related Proverbs in English and Chinese 1. Time has wings. 时间长有翅膀。 2. Time and tide wait for no man . 岁月不等人/时间不等人。 3. Time flies like an arrow , and time lost never returns. 光阴似箭，一去不返 。

5. Before Reading-understanding the text >> PRE-READING ACTIVITIES • Some time-related Proverbs in English and Chinese 4. Time is the greatest teacher . 时间是最好的老师。 5. Time tries friends as fire tries gold. 烈火考验黄金，时间考验朋友。 6. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today! 今日事，今日毕。

6. Before Reading-background information 1 >> Background Information culture, in anthropology, the integrated system of socially acquired values, beliefs, and rules of conduct which delimit the range of accepted behaviors in any given society. Cultural differences distinguish societies from one another. It is usually acquired through enculturation, the process through which an older generation induces and compels a younger generation to reproduce the established lifestyle; consequently, culture is embedded in a person's way of life. For example, in different cultures, people may have different attitudes toward time and behave differently. • 1.Culture

7. Before Reading-background information 1 >> Background Information 2. Time Consciousness Most Americans place a strong emphasis on being on time.  They tend to organize time by means of schedules. 3. Keeping Appointments and Dates It is considered impolite and extremely inconsiderate (考虑不周的) to fail to keep an appointment or date without giving prior notice to the other person.  If you do not plan to meet the person, then you should decline the invitation.

8. How is the text organized ? Global Reading-main idea • >> Text Structure Analysis The passage is mostly put into three parts: Americans’ attitudes towards time, how Americans save time, and what is highly valued by Americans in terms of time. The whole passage is developed by the method of deduction. In the first part, the general idea is clearly presented; in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given.

9. Global Reading-main idea • >> Text Structure Analysis

10. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • budget • 1. vt. plan the spending of or provide (money) in a plan 制定预算 • budget one’s time/money carefully • 2. vi. save or spend money (for a particular purpose) 计划 • She budgeted for buying a new car. • 3. [C, U] a plan of how to spend money, etc. during a particular time for a particular purpose 预算，计划 • the United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2010 • It is important to balance one’s budget. • 4. a. inexpensive; cheap 便宜的 • There is a budget motel at the corner.

11. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • replace • 1. vt. put (sth.) back in its place 把……放回原处 • He replaced the magazine on the shelf. • 2. vt. take the place of (sb./sth.) 代替，取代 • Can anything replace a mother’s love and care? 世上有什么东西能取代母亲的关爱吗？ • 3.vt. change (some person or object) for another, often better, newer, etc. • We’ll have to replace those old computers with (or: by) new ones.

12. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • elbow • 1. vt. push sb. to one side with the elbow or elbows • 用肘把人推到一旁 • She elbowed her way through the crowd. • 2. n. [C] (outside part of the) joint where the arm bends 肘 • He sat with his elbows on the table. • His arm was wrapped from the elbow to the fingers.

13. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • assess • vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of 估价，评价 • They assessed the value of the house at $60,000. • He’s so lazy that it’s difficult to assess his ability. • It’s too early to assess the effects of the new law. • 他们估价房子的价值为6万元。 • 他太懒，没法评估他的能力。 • 评估新法律的影响为时还太早。

14. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • probe • １.v. examine (sth.) closely 刺探, 查究, 探究, 彻底调查 • The matter must be probed to the bottom. • The surgeon probed for the bullet in the man’s back. • ２.n. [C] 探针 (医生用来检查伤口的一种钝头细长工具) • Scientists put a probe into the muscle of the fish in order to measure its body temperature. • ３.[C] (esp. in news) complete and careful enquiry into sth. (尤为新闻用语) 刺探，查究，彻底调查 • a probe into the activities of drug dealers • In their official probe, they found proof of wicked moral practices within the company.

15. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • conduct • 1. vt. carry out, direct, manage 进行, 指导, 管理 • We have been conducting a survey of the region. • A team from the United Nations will observe the election to be sure that it is fairly conducted. • 一个联合国代表团将观察这次选举，以保证它公正地进行。 • 2. vt. act as the path for (electricity, heat, etc.)传导 (电、 热等) • Copper conducts electricity well. • 3. n. [U] person’s behavior (esp. its moral element) 行为,品行 • The prisoner was set free early because of good conduct.

16. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • whereas • conj. but, in contrast; while 反之；却，而 • He earns $8,000 whereas she gets at least $20,000 every year. • We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact she was very shy. • They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat. • 他一年挣八千元,而她却挣至少两万元。 • 我们以为她不喜欢我们,而实际上她很害羞。 • 　他们要的是一幢房子,而我们宁可住一套公寓。

17. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > New Words • fulfill • 1. vt. 1. perform (sth.) or bring (sth.) to a completion 履行，执行，完成 • A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. • They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours. • 2. satisfy (sth.); answer 满足；与... ... 相符 • The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who live in the countryside. • 在护理患者时,护士有职责要履行。 • 跟我们一样,他们也提前完成了工作。 • 移动图书馆满足了生活在乡下的人们的一个重要的需求。

18. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • fall behind) • 1. become bit by bit further behind 落后，落伍 • fall behind in science 在科学方面落后 • fall behind one’s competitors 落后于竞争对手 • 2. (with) fail to produce sth. at the proper time; • fall behind with the rent • I’m falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. • Notice that for this sense, the preposition “with” is used with the verb phrase: • 非洲的工业远远落后于欧洲。 • Africa falls far behind Europe in industry.

19. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • result in VS. result from • result in: have as a result; cause 致使, 导致, 造成... 的结果 • result from: be caused by由……造成 results in Acting before thinking always _________ failing. The accident __________ the death of two people Nothing _______________ his efforts. The child’s illness ____________ eating unclean food. results in results from results from

20. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • commit to • Make it impossible for sb. not to do sth, or to do sth else, • esp. because of a promise; pledge sb./sth. • commit oneself to sth./doing sth. • People of all walks of life have committed themselves to • the fight against terrorism. 各行各业的人们都投身于与恐怖主义的斗争之中.

21. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • to have a rather acute sense of • 深深感到······ 风雨同舟几十年，这对老夫妇深感人生中爱情的珍贵。 Having gone through many years of hardship in the same boat, the old couple have a rather acute sense of the true value of love in their life. A sense of humor is a great quality for a person. a sense of duty the sense of place (direction) 方位 (方向) 感 be lost (or: dead) to all sense of shame全不知羞耻

22. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases beyond a certain appropriate point 不得当地，不得体地 Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined. 没有人喜欢她，因为她的举止总是不得体。 爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏,甚至毁了孩子。 Nobody likes her, because she always behaves beyond a certain appropriate point.

23. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • to produce / make a steady flow of • 制定/做出一系列的 At this conference, the central government made a steady flow of significant decisions concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood. 在这次大会上，中央政府做出了一系列关系国计民生的重大决策。

24. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • given (that)prep. • taking into account; considering 鉴于; 考虑到 Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。 Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.

25. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Useful Expressions and Phrases • at hand • 1. under discussion or being considered • Her question was not related to the matter at hand. • 她的问题与正在讨论的事情无关. • near in time or place • Having a right dictionary at hand will be very helpful when we learn English. • 我们学习英语时手边有本字典非常有帮助。 • The great day is at hand. • 重大节日即将到来。

26. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Sentence Structure • This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. • 【翻译】这种态度造就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。 • 【解析】As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and exploring.

27. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Sentence Structure • 2. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. • 【翻译】只有时间才能支配我们。 • 【解析】 We are under the control of time only and nothing else (or: we are only dominated by time).

28. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Sentence Structure • 3. They’ll miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. • 【翻译】他们也怀念那种喝着招待客人的茶或咖啡的礼节性交往, 这也许是他 • 们自己国家的一种惯例。 • 【解析】They’ll be sad because they’ll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country

29. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Sentence Structure • 4. In the U.S., however, it’s taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with • speed. • 【翻译】但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作，则被视为有水平、有能力的标志。 • 【解析】 In the U.S., however, if you can solve a problem or do a job quickly, you will be considered as a person having skill or ability.

30. Detailed Reading-language points • >> Language Point > Sentence Structure • 5. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting teleconferences to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally. • 【翻译】然而现在人们越来越多的是在电视屏幕上见面，开电信会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国与国之间的问题。 • 【解析】 People are meeting more and more on television, holding teleconferences to solve problems not only in this country but also internationally.

31. After Reading-guided practice • >> Guided Practice Matching Game • acute • run out of • replace • in a rush • restlessly • race through • interaction • nothing but • leisurely impatiently communication fine/sharp severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry

32. excellent physically present, by oneself in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion， satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance After Reading-guided practice • >> Guided Practice Matching Game go with significance conduct be at hand in person superb whereas be competent to do fulfill

33. Reference After Reading-story telling • >> Story Telling • Group Work：Please retell the text by using your own words. A list of words are given below for your reference. • committed to, charge for, impression, under • pressure, hurry, assess, tick, electronic, • communication, impersonality, skillfulness,

34. After Reading-story telling • >> Story Telling > Reference Americans believe so much in moving ahead that they are committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. They treat time as if it were real—a precious resource. They budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it and charge for it. A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is that everyone is in a rush and often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention or elbowing others. Foreigners who miss smiles, brief conversations, or leisurely exchanges with strangers should not feel hurt by this.

35. After Reading-story telling • >> Story Telling > Reference Americans value time so highly, they dislike anyone “wasting” it beyond an appropriate point. New arrivals to the States will miss the custom of social talk during a business call because Americans generally assess about their visitors professionally rather than socially. They start talking business very quickly; time is always ticking in their heads. They work hard at saving time through labor-saving devices so they communicate rapidly by fax, phone or email rather than through personal contact. The impersonality of electronic communication has little to do with the significance of the matter at hand. Finishing a job or solving a problem rapidly in the U.S. is considered a sign of skillfulness.

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