13 Colonies

1. 13 Colonies Life in the

2. Countries in the North America • Spain • France • Sweden • Holland • England By the 17th Century

3. 1st Settlement by the English • 1607 • Jamestown, Virginia • First English colony in America to survive and become permanent. • Supported itself through tobacco farming. • Later the capital of Virginia and the site of the House of Burgesses.

5. Pocahontas & John Smith

6. Jamestown Model Fort

7. 1620 Pilgrims to Plymouth • English Puritans who fled England to escape religious persecution. • After a 65-day journey from Southampton, England, they landed in Plymouth Harbor on the western side of Cape Cod Bay on December 21, 1620. • Under the leadership of William Bradford, they signed the Mayflower Compact, which created their own government.

8. William Bradford • One of the original leaders of the Plymouth Colony, founded by the Pilgrims in New England in 1620. • Elected governor of the colony in 1621 and re-elected 30 times. He coined the term "Pilgrims."

9. Massasoit • The chief of the Native American tribe the Wampanoag. • He was introduced to the Pilgrims by Samoset and later signed a peace treaty with them that lasted for 50 years.

10. Samoset • Native American who first met the Pilgrims. • It was he who walked into their settlement and said, "Greetings, Englishmen." • Returned several times, bringing other Native Americans, including the great Massasoit, leader of the Wampanoag, who made a peace treaty with the Pilgrims.

11. Squanto • Native American who befriended the Pilgrims and taught them how to grow food.

12. Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by 41 male Pilgrims on November 21, 1620. By signing this document, the men agreed to form a temporary government and be bound by its laws. The compact became the basis of government in the Plymouth Colony.

14. In ye name of God Amen· We whose names are vnderwriten, the loyall subjects of our dread soueraigne Lord King James by ye grace of God, of great Britaine, franc, & Ireland king, defender of ye faith, &c Haueing vndertaken, for ye glorie of God, and aduancemente of ye christian ^faith and honour of our king & countrie, a voyage to plant ye first colonie in ye Northerne parts of Virginia· doe by these presents solemnly & mutualy in ye presence of God, and one of another, couenant, & combine our selues togeather into a ciuill body politick; for ye our better ordering, & preseruation & fur=therance of ye ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof, to enacte, constitute, and frame shuch just & equall lawes, ordinances, Acts, constitutions, & offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete & conuenient for ye generall good of ye colonie:  vnto which we promise all due submission and obedience.  In witnes wherof we haue herevnder subscribed our names at Cap=Codd ye ·11· of Nouember, in ye year of ye raigne of our soueraigne Lord king James of England, france, & Ireland ye eighteenth and of Scotland ye fiftie fourth. Ano: Dom ·1620·|

15. THE FIRST THANKSGIVING at PLYMOUTH • What has come down in American tradition as the "First Thanksgiving" was actually a harvest festival.  In the spring of 1621, the colonists planted their first crops in Patuxet’s abandoned fields. While they had limited success with wheat and barley, their corn crop proved very successful, thanks to Squanto [Tisquantum] who taught them how to plant corn in hills, using fish as a fertilizer.

16. THE FIRST THANKSGIVING at PLYMOUTH Cont. In October of 1621, the Pilgrims celebrated their first harvest with feasting and games, as was the custom in England, as well as prayer.  The celebration served to boost the morale of the 50 remaining colonists and also to impress their allies. Among the Native People attending were Massasoit and 90 Wampanoag men. 

17. William Bradford, Of Plimoth Plantation : • In the original 17th century spelling"They begane now to gather in ye small harvestthey had, and to fitte up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in health & strenght, and had all things in good plenty; fFor as some were thus imployed in affairs abroad, others were excersised in fishing, aboute codd, & bass, & other fish, of which yey tooke good store, of which every family had their portion. All ye somer ther was no want.  And now begane to come in store of foule, as winter approached, of which this place did abound when they came first (but afterward decreased by degrees).  And besids water foule, ther was great store of wild Turkies, of which they tooke many, besids venison, &c. Besids, they had about a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or now since harvest, Indean corn to yt proportion.  Which made many afterwards write so largly of their plenty hear to their freinds in England, which were not fained,  but true reports."

18. William Bradford, Of Plimoth Plantation : • In modern spelling"They began now to gather in the small harvestthey had, and to fit up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in health and strength and had all things in good plenty.  For as some were thus employed in affairs abroad, others were exercised in fishing, about cod and bass and other fish, of which they took good store, of which every family had their portion. All the summer there was no want; and now began to come in store of fowl, as winter approached, of which this place did abound when they came first (but afterward decreased by degrees).  And besides waterfowl there was great store of wild turkeys, of which they took many, besides venison, etc. Besides, they had about a peck of meal a week to a person, or now since harvest, Indian corn to that proportion.  Which made many afterwards write so largely of their plenty here to their friends in England, which were not feigned but true reports."

19. New England ColoniesRhode IslandConnecticutMassachusettsNew Hampshire • Middle ColoniesDelawarePennsylvaniaNew YorkNew JerseySouthern ColoniesMarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

20. Motivationsto settle in the colonies • New England Colonies wanted to keep their family unit together and practice their own religion. They were used to doing many things themselves and not depending on other people for much. Some of these people came to New England to make money, but they were not the majority. • Middle Colonies were looking to practice their own religion (Pennsylvania mainly) or to make money. Many of these people didn’t bring their families with them from England and were the perfect workers for the hard work required in ironwoods and shipyards. • The founders of the Southern Colonies were, for the most part, out to make money. They brought their families, as did the New England colonists, and they kept their families together on the plantations. But their main motivation was to make the good money that was available in their new American market.

21. Economy • New England Colonies were largely farming and fishing communities. The people made their own clothes and shoes. They grew much of their own food. Crops like corn and wheat grew in large numbers, and much was shipped to England. Foods that didn't grow in America were shipped from England. Boston was the major New England port. • The Middle Colonies were part agriculture, part industrial. Wheat and other grains grew on farms in Pennsylvania and New York. Factories in Maryland produced iron, and factories in Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. Trade with England was plentiful in these colonies as well. • The Southern Colonies were almost entirely agricultural. The main feature was the plantation, a large plot of land that contained a great many acres of farmland and buildings in which lived the people who owned the land and the people who worked the land. (A large part of the workforce was African slaves, who first arrived in 1619.) • Southern plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo, which they sold to buyers in England and elsewhere in America.

22. Farming in the 13 American Colonies • Farmers in the New England Colonies had a rough time of it. Much of the soil wasn't good for growing crops, especially near the ocean. Also, the early and long-lasting winters killed many crops quickly. Still, New England farmers often grew enough food to feed their families and maybe even help feed other families. The main kind of food New Englanders contributed to the economy was fish. • Farmers in the Middle Colonies were the most prosperous of all. They grew wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn. The Middle Colonies were often called the "breadbasket" because they grew so much food. Wheat could be ground to make flour, and both wheat and flour could be sold in other colonies or in Europe. • Farmers in the Southern Colonies grew several things. The most popular crop was tobacco. The Jamestown colonists had grown tobacco originally, and tobacco farms sprung up all over Virginia and North Carolina. The two southernmost states (South Carolina and Georgia) also grew indigo and rice.

23. Education in the 13 American Colonies • In the New England colonies, parents believed that their children should learn about Christianity. To that end, parents taught their children to read so they could read the Bible. And once those kids knew how to read, they could read school books as well. New England villages having more than 100 families set up grammar schools, which taught boys Latin and math and other subjects needed to get into college. And although girls could read, they weren't allowed to go to grammar school or to college. • Middle Colonies schools were also largely religious but taught the teachings of one religion. If you were a Catholic, you learned about the Catholic religion. Most schools were private. Students also learned other subjects so they could get into college. Again, girls weren't allowed to attend, unless they were Quakers. • School-age kids in the Southern Colonies were taught at home, for the most part, by their parents or by private tutors. When these kids became teenagers, they would then go off to college or to Europe. As in the other colonies, Southern girls did not go to school

24. Religion and the Church in the 13 American Colonies • The New England colonists were largely Puritans, who led very strict lives. • The Middle colonists were a mixture of religions, including Quakers (led by William Penn), Catholics, Lutherans, Jews, and others. • The Southern colonists had a mixture of religions as well, including Baptists and Anglicans.

25. Beliefs • The Pilgrims in Massachusetts and the Quakers in Pennsylvania were examples of people who had left England so they could practice the religion they chose. Maryland and Rhode Island passed laws of religious toleration (meaning that people couldn't be harmed just because their religion was different from other people's). • These American colonists also believed that they had a right to govern themselves. More and more, they believed that they shouldn't have to pay so much in taxes to England, especially since they couldn't serve in the English government and have a say on how high or low those taxes were.

30. Virginia Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Connecticut Delaware North Carolina Maryland Rhode Island South Carolina New Jersey Pennsylvania Georgia