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Applied Sensor Technology: Insights & Examples

Explore the world of sensors in Applied Sensor Technology, including sensor characteristics, examples, basic readout electronics, and semiconductor detectors. Learn about measuring various physical parameters and the importance of sensors in measurement systems.

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Applied Sensor Technology: Insights & Examples

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  1. Applied Sensor Technology

  2. Outline • Introduction • Examples of Sensors • Basic readout electronics • Semiconductor detectors

  3. Introduction • A sensor measure various physical parameters • Motion • Height, weight and volume • Pressure, Tensile stress • Temperature • Flow • Irradiation • Energy • ………

  4. Introduction • Why do we need sensors?

  5. Introduction Elements of a measurement system

  6. Introduction

  7. Introduction

  8. Sensor Characteristics Accuracy Calibration Dead-zone Drift Error Hysteresis Lag Linearity Operating life Precision Sensor Characteristics Range Rating Reliability Repeatability Reproducibility Response Resolution Sensitivity Stability Static error Tolerance Introduction

  9. Introduction

  10. Examples of Sensors • Resistance Strain Gauge • Measure change in size of a solid object, due to the object being strained.

  11. Examples of Sensors • Measuring volume in a fuel tank 1 2

  12. Examples of Sensors • Piezoelectric pressure sensor • Mechanical pressure • Gas pressure

  13. Examples of Sensors • Audio (change in air pressure) • Recording • Mixing (Signal processing)

  14. Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement, thermocouple element

  15. Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement by heat radiation

  16. Basic readout electronics • Purpose • Amplify small signal from the sensor • Signal processing to suppress noise

  17. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Voltage Comparator • Voltage amplifier • Inverting • Non-inverting

  18. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Differential amplifier • Instrumentation amplifier

  19. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Voltage amplifier • Current amplifier • Charge sensitive amp.

  20. Semiconductor detectors

  21. Semiconductor detectors

  22. Semiconductor detectors

  23. Semiconductor detectors

  24. Semiconductor detectors

  25. L hv Xc i2 i1 0 SiO2 P+ eh eh e h n-type Si substrate n+ Al Semiconductor detectors Lateral photoeffect PSD • Low non linearity ~0.1% • Independent of light spot focus • Simple calculation of the position

  26. Applied Sensor Technology • Semiconductor physics • Semiconductor processing • Analog Electronics • http://apachepersonal.miun.se/~gorthu/AST/

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