Ground Preparation and Planting Methods for Southeast Asian Specialty Crops

1. OqjkAnszksAqU{nqvAgwzdfUlp<kQoj SAvaoaSxytRavxnooksVjItg SEASCEP (Southeast Asian Specialty Crop Experimental Project) OdV: TAJn aaSm vAJj (f<[cXkkAnOqjkAnSEASCEP)

2. o>pRrXmOdV: USDA/Natural Resources Conservation Service NRCS National Outreach, Washington D.C. CSU-Fresno, Farm Operation & Plant Science Departments Sierra Resources Conservation District Bingo Grocery Store, Asia Super Market, KC Super Markets & Agape Refugee Ministry & Services

3. veTEkAnawARp<kfXkqRnAgaalRfXk bok`-co&yInyAmLRd<hnAv • veTEkAntVmdEnaalRveTEkAnawARp<k • veTEkAnpogjkXnaalRHXksAhyAg • veTEkAnpogjkXnaalRHXksAaamj • veTEkAnqvbq>mkAnISgnB{A • veTEkAnqvbq>mkAnISgp>\y • veTEkAnqvbq>mfUlfledaalRq>nwAb

4. veTEkAntVmdEnaalRveTEkAnawARp<k(Ground Preparation & Planting) • veTEkAnirdEn (Disking) • veTEkAnyUkaapj (Listing) • veTEkAnawARp<k (Planting)

5. veTEkAnirdEn(Disking) • hlXjcAkakxbkV*vwzdfUlp<kYA\jHVbHogy aalgvISgaqZJojcXkbUJntU{nwzdTE*ahz~onX{nIhg hm>DndE • hlXjcAknX{nczJjlUjmZIrdEn • IhgirdEnYADjnogy 2 TVDvQAgmkXnhlZIhgdEwK sUmqvnko\nyUkaapj

6. veTEkAnirdEn (tK*)(Disking) • cBAivg: aak\nfXknX{nmXnapxnamxdnogyhlAy czPjqonirdEnIhgmXnM>\ndEko\np<k • aat\YJAirhlAyakEnkvA\ 3 TV*vQAgmkXnmXn cRwAIhgdEnnX{naaNgnaalRSV\jtKJwyAdHAk aNuPAtK*tU{nwZd • kAnirdEnnX{ncRto[jtVmko\nLRd<FunlR hvA\jpAyadZonsebaoxdhAtU{{{{ndZonsebsoj

7. veTEyUkaapj(Listing) • rA[FUntUkko\nLRd<FUnalEJmQojtU{npEcRakedfUnbKJdE sTogntK*kAniriH\sonaalRyUkaapj • sEJjTEJdEtogjtVmaapjIhglVbLogVko\nLRd>FuncRalEPm qZlRhvA\jTAgyadZonsebaoxdhAtU{nadZonsebsojQoj T>kpE • alZokaqZJojyUkaapjhlZpX{nq>IhgahmARsUm • QnAnkvAgjQojaapjIhgY<JlRhvA\j 48-60 nE{vaam\n dETEPs>d

8. veTEyUkaapj (tK*)(Listing) • IhgyUkaapjQZ{ns<jpRmAn 6-8nE{vawZPoaHXdIhgoAkAd aQu[AooksdvkwAyIndEn • TA\nsAmAdp<kidgsAmaarvaalRISgsAyYAjsojasx[n tKPaapjhnzJj • rAgTA\nISgsAyYAjasx[ndVvkKidgaat\togjidgISgavlA po*ynBA[awEJmatEmoEknzJjaTuJAtUv

9. veTEkAnawARp<k(Planting) • togjp<kaak\nfXklUjdEnlRhvA\jvXnTEJ 1-15 QojadZon sAmaat\vA\dEnWAgoAkAdoAdpV\naapjbAjpEawARsnX{nsEJj TEJdETA\nqvncRtogjidgtedtAmaLZJojdEnWAgoAkAdQoj aat\lRmZ{ko\ncRlUjmZp<k • cBAivg, seJjTEJdEtogjlKrAgIhgo>hw<mQoj dEnQZ{ns<jarej 40 oUjsA F ko\np<kawZJohlEkavx[nkAnaatkNKJbKJsRmBAJsRamE

10. veTEkAnawARp<k (t*K) • rAgISgaqZJojcXkp<kcRaHXdIhgaarv SZJsmBJAsamEPaalgvcRTAKIhgkAnHXksA hyAgsdvkamZJofUlp<kQojTA\n atebOtQZ{n • Y\Ap<kaak\nfXkalekkv\A ½ nE{v lUjIndEnrAgdXJjnX{ncRmEbXnhAwA Ihgaak\nfXkaNu\*A

11. fXkbok-co&y: qvAmhADjcAkaarvnZJj iphAaarvnZJj (12 nE[v) qvAmhADjcAktU{nnZJjip hAtU{nnZJj (4-6 nE[v) fXkqRnAg: qvAmhADjcAkaarvnZJjiphAaarvnZJj (10-12 nE[v) qvAmhADjcAktU{nnZJjiphAtU{nnZJj (4-6 nE[v) lRyRhADjkXnQojkAnawARp<kfXkbok-co&y aalRfXkqRnAgInaarbamZojaWLs`On

12. veTEpogjkXnaalRHXksAhyAg(Weed Management) • veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbbK*ISgaqZJojcXkaalR sAnaqmE (Cultural Control) • veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgaqZJojcXk (Mechanical Control) • veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgsAnaqmE (Chemical Control) • veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgfAgYAjoUbdEn (Solarization)

13. veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbbK*ISgaqZJojcXkaalR sAnaqmE(Cultural Control) • p<kfXksXbpVDnkXn (tUv YADjp<kqRnAgtAmhlXj lemongrass. • p<klRyRaarvIhgrEkXnhlZ IkgkXncXknogy • p<kaatDlRtU{nfXkIhgrEkXn(p<kaabbidgh~AywXntU{ntK* aoakEL`nZJj)

14. veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgaqZJojcXk(Mechanical Control) • ISgaqZJojcXkSRnedmEaaQgvahX~k (Springtooth Cultivator) • ISgaqZJojcXkSRnedQAaamjm>m (Spider cultivator)

15. SEkYAQAghyAgIsDdEn koDnlUjmZp<k SEkYAkoDnaalgvirdEn IhgdE SEkYAOdybK*togjirdEn SEkYAhlXjcAkhyAg ookaalgv SEkYAsRawARIs*wZ{nTE*TE*mEhyAg YAQAghyAg: fXkbok-co&y(DCPA) fXkqRnAg: (Poast, Prefar, Treflan) veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgsAnaqmE(Chemical Control)

16. veTEpogjkXnhyAgaabbISgfAgYAjoUbhyAg ko\np<k(Solarization) • ISgfAgYAjQAvoUbdenTEJirdEaalgvhlZaapjTEJyUkidgaalgvivgYA\jnogy 4 oATed • veTEnE[ISgidgsawARLRd<HognveTEnE[apxnveTEpogjkXnaalR HXksAhyAgIdgdErAgTBArzkhlXkkAn • pRYXdqA\ISgcA\y • cBAnvnhyAglUdlUjipYA\jhlAy • oAdcRmEsv\nTBAIhgdEncXbaaN\naalRmEbXnhAnBA[bKJlUjdE

17. kAnpogjkXnaalRHXksAaamjTBAlAywzd(Pest Management) • veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbbK*ISgaqZ*ojcXkaalR sAnaqmE (Cultural Control) • veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgaamjdEkBAcXdaamj TBAlAywzd (Biological Control) • veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgsAnaqmEpogjkXn aamjTBAlAywzd (Chemical Control) • veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgaqZJojcXkkBAcXd aamjTBAlAywzd (Mechanical Control)

18. veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbbK*ISgaqZ*oj cXkaalRsAnaqmE (Cultural Control) • ISgveTEp<kwzdsXbpVDnkXn (Crop rotation) • ISgveTEb>DnaalRiraasdwzdTE*ahlZohlXjcAk akxbkVDvfUlp<kLVbLogyaalgv (Tillage methods) • ISgwzdpRawdTE*mEsAntAgnTXnaamjTBAlAy wzdidg Resistant or tolerant varieties)

19. veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgaamjdEkBA cXdaamjTBAlAywzd (Biological Control) • ISgcBAwvkaamjTE*oAsXyY<*kXbaamjOtoZJn (Parasites) • ISgcBAwvkaamjTE*kEnaamjOtoZJn Predators) • ISgcBAwvkaamDwyAd (bacteria/disease) • Isgaamjf<gton (Male sterile technique) • ISgqvAmHogn (temperature) • ISgqvAmS>Dm (moisture)

20. veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgsAnaqmE pogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzd (Chemical Control) • ISgveTEkAnSekYAIhgaamjTBAlAywzdtAy (Kill) • ISgveTEkAnSeksAnaqmETE*aamjTBAlAywzdbK*mXk (Repel) • ISgveTEkAnSeksAnaqmETE*yU{vIhgaamjTBAlAywzdted (Attract) • ISgveTEkAnSeksAnaqmEtonaamjTBAlAywzdtUvf<g (Sterile)

21. fXkbok-co&y: Neemix fXkqRnAg: Admire, Ambush, Bts, Dimethoat, Lannate, malathion, Neenix, Provado, Sevin, & Thiodan sAnaqmETE*ISgidg...

22. veTEpogjkXnaamjTBAlAywzdaabbISgaqZJojcXk kBAcXdaamjTBAlAywzd (Mechanical Control) • ISgveTEISgtRnAjhAgjaamjTBAlAywzd (Traps) • ISgveTEISgaasjaalRsVjkBAcXdaamjTBAlAywzd (Light & sound)

23. kAnqvbq>mkAnISgnB{A(Irrigation Management) • veTEkAnISgnB{A (Method) • qvncRISgavlAId? (When?) • aHxdcXJjIdczJjH<gvDAwzdtogjkXnnB{A? (How?) • cRISghlAypXnId? (How much?)

24. veTEkAnISgnB{A (Method) • veTEISgnB{AtAmsAyYAj (Drip) • veTEISgnB{AtAmTKJsapxLjakEJL` (Sprinkler) • veTEISgnB{ArvgmtAmaapj (Flood)

25. qvncRISgavlAId? (When?) • kvdabeJjvA\dEnnX{nyXjpVbdEh~ZbK* tUvYADj: Small soil probe (feel method) • ISgaqzJojhvXdaaTkqvAmS>JmQojdEn tUvYA\j: Tensiometer, Gypsum Block.

26. aHxdcXJjIdczJjH<gvDAwzdtogjkXnnB{A hlAypXnId?(How?) • H<gcXkSRnedQojdEn (tUvYADj: dEnSAy, dEnhnVDv, hlZdEnQE[aTuA) • qvAmS>DmQojdEn • qvAmalEklUjipIndEnQojHAkfXk • sretetUvaalkkAnISgnB{AQojfXk (crop Et.) • o>hRw<mqvAmHognQojaatDlRmZ[ • dEnWAgoAkAdaalRsEJjaavdlogm Water Meter

27. cRISghlAypXnId? (How much?) • kAnpo\ynB{AtAmavlAaalR qvAmtogjkAnQojfXkapXnsEJj sBAqXnTEJs>dSavsvnaat\lR qUncRtogjISgkAnqBAnvnnB{A cAkaqZJojhvXdaaTknB{ApVb aalRsRwAbqvAmHognQojoA kAdaat\lRmZ[nX{nmApRkob sv\naalgvqBAnvncBAnvnnB{A aalRlRyRhAjQojkAnISgnB{Aaat\lRaTZJoIhgrzktAmqvAm togjkXnQojfXk cBAnvnnB{ATEJIS[alEJmaat\p<kcUnarejakXbkV\v sRawARLRd>hnAvQojTo[jrEJnaWLs`On, kAlEOWanxV.

28. veTEkAnqvbq>mkAnISgp>\y(Fertilizer Management) • veTEkAnISgp>Jy (Method) • qvncRIsDavlAId? (When?) • aHxdcXJjIdczJjH<gvDAwzdtogjkXnp>Jy? (How?) • cRISghlAypXnId? (How much?)

29. veTEkAnISgp>Jy(Method) • veTEkAnhvADn (Broadcast) • veTEIsDtAmqAgjtU{nfXk (Sidedress) • vETEIsDtAmsAyYAj (Inject) • veTEfUJnIsDhlZ “spray”

30. qvncRIsDavlAId?(When?) • hlXjcAkirdEnaTZJoTEJsojaalgvhvA\np>\yIs\anZ[oTEJTEJ cRp<kfXknX{nIhgdEwKsUmqvn, hlXjcAknX{nczJjlUjmZ hyUkaapjQZ{n (Pre-plant). • ISgp>\ynAK[Is\tAmsAyYAj (drip) hlXjcAkp<k 18-20 mZ[h~ZtU{nwZdnX{nmEIbatxm 4 Ib, (Sidedress). • ISgp\JynAK[Is\tAmsAyYAj (drip) amZJotU{nfXkmEoAy> lRhvA\j 28-32 mZh~ZIs\lRhvA[jsojoATedko\n TEJcRlUjmZakxbkV\v (Pre-harvest).

31. aHxdcXJjIdczJjH<gvDAwzdtogjkXnp>Jy?(How?) • togjkvdabeJjTAdoAhAwZdawZJoIhgH<gcXksvDnTEJmE • Y<JIndEn • Y<JaTejIbhlZIblBAtUvQojfXk • ISgsretekAnISgp>JyQojfXkTEJp<knX{n • togjH<gcXkSRnedQojfXkTEJp<knX{n • togjH<gcXkSRnedQojdEn • abeJjtAmLRd< • o>hRw<maalRsEJjaavdlogm

32. hlAypXnId?(How much?) • IsDko\np<k: 20 pon.n./1 aoakEJL` (Pre-plant) • IsDaTZJoTEJsoj: 25 pon.n./1 aoakEJL` (Sidedress) • IsDko\nakxbkV\v: 51 pon.n./1 aoakEJL` (Pre-harvest)

33. IsDkoDnp<k(Pre-plant) • togjabeJjtAmqvAmtogjkXnQojwzdfUlp<k, SRnedQojdEn, aalRdEnWAgoAkAdQoj TogjrE\naalgvcz\jmAqBAnvnvA\cRqvnISgp>\y SRnedIdaalRhlAypXnId. • ISg 20 poninOtL`YentKJnZJjaoakEJLsBAlXbaTZJo TBAoed`. (cRISgp>JysnedIdkK*idgaat\togjqBAnvn cBAnvnpon`IhgrzktogjtAmqvAmtogjQojwZd)

34. Is\aTZJoTEJsoj (20 lbs.N/A) • fXkbok`-co&y: IsDp>DynB{AhlXjcAkp<k 18-21 mZ[ • fXkqRnAg: • IsDp>DynB{AhlXjcAkp<k 20-23 mZ[

35. Is\ko\nakxbkV\v (Pre-harvest) • fXkbok-`co&y: IsDp>JynB{AhlXjcAkp<k 28-30 mZ[h~ZsojoATed ko\nakxbkV\v (akxbaTZJodVv) • fXkqRnAg: IsDp>JynB{AhlXjcAkp<k 30-32 mZh~ZsojoATedko\n akxbkV\v (hlxjcAkakxbaTZJoTBAoedaalgvIsDp>JynB{ApR mAn 25 ponkoDnakxbkVDvsojaTZJos>dTAgy)

36. fXkqRnAgaalRfXkbok`-co|yqo\nQAgj cRmXkISgp>\y: • p>\yaMxdko\kp<k, tUvYA\j:Ammonia or Urea base • p>\yqokko\np>k, tUvYA\j:Manures & Compost • p>\ynB{AhlXjcAktU{nfXkmEoAy> 18-23 mZ[ QZ[nip, tUvyA\j:Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN-17), Calcium Nitrate (CN-9), and Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN-32)

37. kAnqvbq>mq>nwAb fUlfledaalRkAn akxbkVDv(Quality & Yield) • q>nwAb tU{nIhyDhlZnogy aalRsE (Quality, Sizes, and Color) • fUlfled (Yield) • akxbkVDv (Harvest)

38. fXkqRnAg tU{nfXkmEsEQVDvmzd lBAtUvaalRIbIhyDwKdEjAmaalRme sEQVDvdBAmzd hvXdaaTklobtUvQojlBAtU{nY<J lRhvADj (1 ½ -2 ½ inches) aTejyodmEl<kdokooDnaalRapxn sEQAvjAm qvAmyAv 8-10 nE{vaalRmEIb tedlBAtUvfXk 3-4 IbhlXjcAk akxbkVDv fXkbok`-co&y tU{nfXks<jwKdEjAm (8-10) nE{v kAgjmEq>nwAbjAmaalR hnAaalRapxnsEQAv IbmEq>nwAbjAmaalR hnAaalRapxnsEJQVDvdBA mzd q>nwAb tU{nIhyDhlZnogy aalRsE (Quality, Sizes, and Color)

39. kRL>hnAbebtAmaatDlR H<pqX{jl>DmnE[awZ*oabe*jH<p wAbQojfXkbok`-co&y IhDy(Large) kAj(Medium) nogy(Small) kRL>hnAbebtAmaatDlR H<pqX{jl>DmnE[awZ*oabe*jH<p wAbQojfXkqRnAg IhDy(Large) nogy(Small) tU{nIhyDaalRnogy (Sizes)

40. fUlfled (Yield) (fXkbok-co&y) fXkbok-co&y

41. fUlfled (tKJ)(Yield) (fXkqRnAg) fUnfledTXjhmUd (13,196 lbs./A) hlZ (6.6 tons/A)

42. qDAISgcADyQojkAnfledfXkbok-co&yaalRfXkqRnAg (tK*aoakEL`) (500 boxes/A) • Rent $ 250.00 • Ground Prep. $ 45.00 • Seed $ 60.00 • Custom hire $ 48.00 • Fertilizer $ 15.00 • Pesticide/herbicide $ 8.00 • Utility $ 15.00 • Harvest/trucking $ 550.00 • Supplies $ 35.00 Total:$1,126.00/A

43. qBArAm? rAghAkTA\nmEqBArAmhZ~QK[QogjIcoXnIdaSEntedtKJip hAQAgwRacu[AidgtAmTEJY<\aalROTLRsXbQAgjl>\mnE{: TA\n aaSm vA\j USDA/Natural Resources Conservation Service 4625 W. Jennifer Ave, Suite 125 Fresno, CA 93722 Phone: (559) 276-7497 Ext.3 or e-mail: sam.vang@ca.usda.gov

44. QKQobIc! wUbkXnIhmD