Unit 8 Do’s and Don’ts

1. Unit 8Do’s and Don’ts Grammar

2. Table of contents • Have to • Modal auxiliary verbs • Should • Must

3. Have to • Form: • + : S + have/has + to + infinitive • - : S + have/has + NOT + to + infinitive • ? : Do/Does + S + have + to + infinitive ? • Note: past tense of “have” is “had”, with did and didn’t in the question and negative.

4. Have to • Use: • “Have to” expresses strong obligation (coming from “outside”) e.g.: You have to go to school. • “Don’t/Doesn’t” have to expresses absence of obligation, e.g.: We don’t have to wash the dishes tonight. • “Have to” expresses obligation as a habit, while have got to expresses it on a particular occasion.

5. Modal auxiliary verbs • These are modal auxiliary verbs: • Can - Could • Must - Shall • Should - Will • Would - May • Can you think of an example for each one?

6. Modal auxiliary verbs • Notes: • They go with another verb and add meaning • There is no “s” in the third person singular • There is no do/does in the question • There is no don’t/doesn’t in the negative

7. Should • Form: Should + infinitive • the forms of should are the same for all persons. • Use: • Should expresses what the speaker think is right or most appropriate. However, it can express just the opinion of them. • Shouldn’t” expresses negative advice.

8. Must • Form: Must + infinitive • the forms of must are the same for all persons. • In questions, we should use “have to” instead of “must”

9. Must • Use: • Must expresses strong obligation ( coming from the “inside” of the speaker). • Be careful when using must, you may sound “bossy” • However, must can also express a strong suggestion.

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