Modern Language Association

1. Modern Language Association Formatting and Citations

2. Paper Format Double spaced throughout 12 pt., Times New Roman 1 inch margins on all sides Last name and page number in the top right hand corner Heading (also double spaced) Name Instructor (Mr. Gathman) Class (English 7-8) Date Title is NOT underlined or bolded

3. Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing • Quoting • Identical to the original – word for word! • MUST be attributed to the original author • Paraphrasing • Putting a passage into your own words • Usually shorter than the original passage • MUST be attributed to the original source • Summarizing • Putting only the main points into your own words • Significantly shorter and take a broad overview of the source • MUST be attributed to the original source

4. Integrating Outside Sources • Each quote/paraphrase/summary needs to have three parts: • An introduction to the quote • The quote • An explanation on the relevance of the quote • Quotes should be found in the evidence portion of the body paragraphs • It is a good idea to cite a source at least once in each of your body paragraphs

5. In-Text Citations: The Basics • Use a parenthetical citation • (Authors name page number). • No commas • Punctuation comes after the citation • Example: Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). • To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon: • ...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21). • If there is only one source, you need only mention the authors name during the first citation For any other questions on in-text citation: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/03/

6. The Different Looks of In-Text Citation • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). • Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). • Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

7. Long Quotations • If a quote is 4 or more lines long: • Place the quote in a free-standing block of text • No quotation marks • Start the quote on a new line indented an inch from the left • Citation should come AFTER the closing punctuation • Example: Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

8. Adding/Omitting Text from Citation • Adding • Put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text • Example: • Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78). • Omitting • Indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks (...) preceded and followed by a space. • Example: • In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

9. Works Cited Page Format Works Cited "Business Coalition for Climate Action Doubles." Environmental Defense. 8 May 2007. Environmental Defense Organization. 24 May 2007 <http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?ContentID=5828>. Clinton, Bill. Interview. New York Times on the Web. May 2007. 25 May 2007 <http://video.on.nytimes.com/>. Keyword: Climate. Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times on the Web 22 May 2007. 25 May 2007 <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22ander.html>. Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. 2 June 2006. 24 May 2007 <http://rogerebert.suntimes.com>. Global Warming. 2007. Cooler Heads Coalition. 24 May 2007 <http://www.globalwarming.org/>. Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36. An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Lawrence Bender, 2006. Center “Works Cited” at top of page Left align each citation (indent every line after the first) Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose Use italics or underlining for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles) I will supply the proper works cited listing for each book we read this semester If you choose to use outside sources, you are responsible for sourcing them correctly (OWL and Mr. Gathman are available to help)

10. Mr. Gathman owes this PowerPoint to: The Purdue OWL. 25 Aug. 2009. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2008 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu>.