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La valeur des idées

La valeur des idées. Leçon 4. Objectifs :. learn vocabulary related to the law, legal rights, politics, public officials, and national security watch the short film La révolution de crabes read about piracy in the Antilles be introduced to the dancer Léna Blou

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La valeur des idées

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  1. La valeur des idées Leçon 4

  2. Objectifs: • learn vocabulary related to the law, legal rights, politics, public officials, and national security • watch the short film La révolution de crabes • read about piracy in the Antilles • be introduced to the dancer LénaBlou • learn the plus-que-parfait • learn about negation and indefinite adjectives and pronouns • learn about irregular –irverbs • learn about demonstrative adjectives • read an article on the history and culture of Haiti • read writer Jean Juraver’s story Chienmaigre et chiengras

  3. Une manifestation • Avez-vous déjà participé à une manifestation? • était-ellepacifiqueoumouvementée? • Quelle cause défendiez-vous? • Quelles idée combattiez-vous? • Quellesvaleursêtes-vous prêt(e)s à défendreouvertementsinécessaire?

  4. échauffementlundi le 16 décembre • Lisez p. 116-117 – qu’est-ce qui se passeradans le court métrage?

  5. échauffementmercredi le 18 décembre • Conjugate all forms of avoir and être in the imparfait avoirêtre

  6. échauffementmercredi le 8 janvier • Comment former le plus-que-parfait? Queveut-dire le plus-que-parfait? (Quandest-cequ’onl’utilise?)

  7. Le plus-que-parfait • The plus-que-parfait is used to talk about what someone had done or what had occurred before another past action, event, or state. Like the passé composé, the plus-que-parfait uses a form of avoir or être – in this case, the imparfait – plus a past participle.

  8. Le plus-que-parfait voter finir j’ avaisfini tuavaisfini il/elle/on avaitfini nous avionsfini vousaviezfini ils/ellesavaientfini j’ avaisvoté tuavaisvoté il/elle/on avaitvoté nous avionsvoté vousaviezvoté ils/ellesavaientvoté

  9. Exemples Nous luiavonsditque Sarkozy avaitgagné. We told her that Sarkozy had won. recent past remote past L’accusésouriaitparceque les juges ne l’avaient pas misen prison. The accused was smiling because the judges had not put him in prison. recent pastremote past

  10. Le plus-que-parfait • Recall that some verbs of motion, as well as a few others (VDT) take être instead of avoir as the auxiliary verb in the passé composé. Use the imparfait of être to from the plus-que-parfait of such verbs and make the past participle agree with the subject. • Les avocats ne savaient pas quevousétiez déjà partie. • The lawyers didn’t know that you had already left. • On a découvertqu’ilsétaientarrivés à la station de métro. • They discovered that they hadarrived at the metro station.

  11. Le plus-que-parfait • Use the imparfait of être as the auxiliary for reflexive and reciprocal verbs. make agreement whenever you would do so for the passé composé. • Avant le dîner, le président et sa femme s’étaientlevés pour recevoir les invités. • Before dinner, the president and his wife hadgottenup to welcome the guests. • Il ne savait pas que nous nousétionstéléphonéhiersoir. • He didn’t know that we hadphonedeachother last night.

  12. Le plus-que-parfait • In all other cases as well, agreement of past participles in the plus-que-parfait follows the same rules in the passé composé. • La police a trouvé les armesqu’ilavaitcachées. • The police found the weapons that he had hidden. • Le président a signé la loique le congrèsavaitapprouvée. • The president signed the law that congress had passed.

  13. Le plus-que-parfait • Use the plus-que-parfait to emphasize that something happened in the past before something else happened. Use the passé composé to describe completed events in the more recent past and the imparfait to describe conditions or habitual actions in the more recent past. • L’activisten’avait pas fini de parlerquandvousavezcoupé le micro. • Il y avait des drapeaux partout parceque le présidentétaitarrivé la veille.

  14. Le plus-que-parfait • The plus-que-parfait is also used after the word si to mean if only…(something else had taken place). It expresses regret. • Si j’avaissuquetuavais un plan! • If only I hadknown you had a map! • Si seulementiln’était pas arrivé en retard! • If only he hadn’tarrived late!

  15. Note • In informal speech, speakers of English sometimes use the simple past to imply the past perfect. In French, you still use the plus-que-parfait. • Le voleur a cherché les papiersquel’avocateavaitposéssur son bureau. • The thief looked for the papers that the lawyer placed (had placed) on her desk.

  16. Le plus-que-parfait • To say that something had just happened in the past, use a form of venir in the imparfait + de + theinfinitive of the verb that describes action. • Je venais de raccrocherquand le téléphone a sonné de nouveau. • Le présidentvenait de signer l’accordquand on a entendul’explosion.

  17. Original: Elle n’a pas purentrer chez elle le soir. Elle a perdu les clés de la maison le matin. Elle n’a pas purentrer chez elle le soirparcequ’elleavaitperdules clés de la maison le matin. She she couldn’t get back in her house at night because she had lost her house keys in the morning.

  18. Negation • To negate a phrase, you typically place ne…pas around the conjugated verb. If you are negating a phrase with a compound tense such as the passé composéor the plus-que-parfait, place ne…pas around the auxiliary verb. • çanevapas faire un scandale, j’espère. • La famillen’apasfui la ville pendant la guerre. • When forming a question with inversion, place ne first, then any pronouns, then the verb-subject. Place pas in last position. • Ne vousêtes-vous pas consacré à la luttecontre la criminalité? • Did you not dedicate yourself to fight against crime?

  19. Negation • To be more specific, use variations of ne..pas, such as ne…pas du tout and ne…pas encore. • Le présidentn’aimepas du tout les brocolis. • The president doesn’t like broccoli at all. • La voleusen’apas encore choisisavictime. • The thief has not chosen her victim yet.

  20. Negation • Use non plus to mean neither or not either. Use si, instead of oui, to contradict a negative statement or question. • Je n’aime pas la violence. • I don’t like violence. • Moinon plus. • I don’t either. • Tun’aimes pas la démocratie? • You don’t like democracy? • Maissi. • Yes, I do.

  21. Negation • To say neither…nor, use ne…ni…ni…. Place ne before the conjugated verb or auxiliary, and ni before the word(s) it modifies. Omit the indefinite and partitive articles after ni, but use the definite article when appropriate. • Il n’y a ni justice nilibertédansunedictature. • There is neither justice nor liberty under a dictatorship. • Ni le jugenil’avocatnevajugerl’accusé. • Niehter the judge nor the lawyer will judge the accused.

  22. Negation • Remember that to negate a phrase with a partitive article, you usually replace the article with de or d’. • Il y a des activistesdans la capitale. • Il n’y a pas d’activistesdans la capitale. • It is also possible to combine several negative elements in one sentence. • On ne fait plus jamaisrien. • We never do anything anymore. • Personnen’aplus rienécouté. • No one listened to anythinganymore.

  23. Negation – other negative expressions • ne…aucun(e) = none (not any) *** • ne…jamais= never (not ever) • ne…nulle part = nowhere (not anywhere) *** • ne…personne = no one (not anyone) *** • ne…plus (no more (not anymore) • ne…que= only *** • ne…rien = nothing (not anything) • ne…ni…ni… = neither…nor *** = ne goes before the verb, and the second part of the negative expression comes after the past participle in a compound verb tense (i.e. passé composé and p-q-p)

  24. Indefinite adjectives and pronouns – used in affirmative phrases Indefinite adjectives Indefinite pronouns chacun(e) each one la plupartmost (of them) plusieursseveral (of them) quelquechosesomething quelques-un(e)ssome, a few (of them) quelqu’unsomeone tous/toutesall (of them) touteverything • autre(s) other • un(e) autreanother • certain(e)(s) certain • chaqueeach, every single • plusieursseveral • quelquessome • tel(le)(s) such (a) • tout(e)/tous/toutes (les) every, all

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