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Aerobic Metabolism

Aerobic Metabolism. Summary of Anaerobic Glycolysis. Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 P i. 2 Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O + 2 H +. Energetics of Fermentation. Glucose ——> 2 Lactate Glucose + 6 O 2 ——> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O. ∆G o’ = -200 kJ/mol ∆G o’ = -2866 kJ/mol.

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Aerobic Metabolism

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  1. Aerobic Metabolism

  2. Summary of Anaerobic Glycolysis Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 H+

  3. Energetics of Fermentation Glucose ——> 2 Lactate Glucose + 6 O2 ——> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ∆Go’ = -200 kJ/mol ∆Go’ = -2866 kJ/mol Most of the energy of glucose is still available following glycolysis!

  4. Carbon Atom Oxidation CH2 —> CH2OH —> C=O —> COOH —> CO2 Lactate Glucose

  5. Oxidative Fuel Metabolism Figure 17-1

  6. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions:Electron Transfer Substrate —> NAD+ or FAD —> Electron Carriers —> O2 Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation

  7. Citric Acid Cycle Figure 17-2

  8. Electron TransportOxidative Phosphorylation

  9. Electron TransportOxidative Phosphorylation

  10. Summary of Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + 3H+ + FADH2 + GTP + CoA-SH

  11. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase: Synthesis of Acetyl-CoA

  12. Acetyl-CoA Thioester

  13. Sources of Acetyl-CoA • Carbohydrates (sugars via glycolysis) • Fats (fatty acids) • Proteins (amino acids)

  14. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Formation of Acetyl-SCoA) Oxidative Decarboxylation

  15. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Multienzyme Complex) • E1: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase or Pyruvate Decarboxylase • E2: Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase • E3: Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase

  16. Multienzyme Complexes • Enhanced reaction rates • Channeling of reaction intermediates • Coordinate regulation

  17. Electron Micrograph of E. coliPyruvate Dehydrogenase Figure 17-3a

  18. Organization of E. coliPyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

  19. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Mammalian Enzyme) • E1, E2, and E3 • E3 binding protein • Kinase (regulation) • Phosphatase (regulation)

  20. Coenzymes and Prosthetic Groups of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Table 17-1

  21. Thiamin Pyrophosphate

  22. Thiamin Pyrophosphate

  23. Lipoic Acid

  24. Reduction of Lipoamide E2 E2 Figure 17-7

  25. Coenzyme A

  26. NAD+

  27. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Figure 14-12

  28. Reduction of FAD

  29. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Formation of Acetyl-SCoA) Oxidative Decarboxylation

  30. Overall Reaction ofPyruvate Dehydrogenase

  31. Reaction order of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  32. Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Decarboxylation of Pyruvate) Same mechanism as Pyruvate Decarboxylase

  33. Mechanism of Decarboxylation of Pyruvate Page 572

  34. Remainder of Reaction

  35. Reaction order of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  36. Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Hydroxyethyl Group Transfer)

  37. Forms of Lipoamide

  38. Mechanismof Hydroxyethyl Group Transfer Page 574

  39. Reaction order of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  40. Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Transesterification)

  41. Mechanism of Transesterification Page 574

  42. Reaction order of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  43. Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Reoxidation of Dihydrolipoamide)

  44. Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Oxidation of E3–FADH2) E3–FADH2 + NAD+ ——> E3–FAD + NADH + H+

  45. Mechanism of Reoxidation of Dihydrolipoamide Page 574

  46. Mechanism of Oxidation of E3–FADH2 Short Lived Page 574

  47. A Swinging Arm Transfers Intermediates E2 Page 575

  48. Organization of E. coliPyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

  49. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase(Formation of Acetyl-SCoA) Oxidative Decarboxylation

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