Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds

1. Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds Chemical Names and Formulas

2. What’s in a name? What is the formula for: Epsom’s salt Magnesium Sulfate

3. What’s in a name? Name the following compounds: • CCl4 • MgCl2

4. Molecular and Ionic Compounds Molecular The formula gives the # of atoms of each element in a molecule. Ionic The formula is the simplest whole # ratio of ions

5. Write formulas for the following compounds: Potassium sulfide Aluminum chloride Zinc bromide Copper (II) oxide Iron (III) sulfide Tin (IV) sulfide Copper (II) nitrate Sodium hydroxide Magnesium iodide Mercury (II) oxide Aluminum hydroxide Ammonium acetate Potassium permanganate Copper (II) chloride Strontium oxide Ammonium phosphate Calcium carbonate Calcium nitride Tin (II) chloride Sodium sulfate

6. Naming Ionic Compounds Cation name Anion Name Name = + Monatomic cations Mg2+ magnesium Monatomic anions Cl- chloride Transition metal cations Fe3+ iron (III) polyatomic anions SO42- sulfate Polyatomic cations NH4+ ammonium

7. NaI CaO Al2O3 Na3PO4 CaSO4 Sodium iodide Calcium oxide Aluminum oxide Sodium phosphate Calcium sulfate Examples:

8. CuCl CuCl2 FeO Fe2O3 Copper (I) chloride Copper (II) chloride Iron (II) oxide Iron (III) oxide Examples with transition metals

9. NH4Cl NH4OH (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium chloride Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium sulfate Examples with polyatomic cations

10. Ag2S NaMnO4 Ba(OH)2 NH4NO3 Fe(ClO)2 Ca(NO3)2 K2SO3 NaC2H3O2 silver sulfide sodium permanganate barium hydroxide ammonium nitrate iron (II) hypochlorite calcium nitrate potassium sulfite sodium acetate Write the names of the following compounds:

11. Write the names of the following compounds: Rb2O Ca(OH)2 CoCl3 SrI2 K2S SnO2 NH4NO3 Cu(NO3)2 KClO3 Mo(SO4)3

12. Naming Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds • Binary – between 2 elements • Molecular compounds form between nonmetals only How is a molecular compound named? + Example: N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide Numerical prefix + name of the first element Numerical prefix + name of the second element with “ide” ending

13. What are the numerical prefixes? • Mono- • Di- • Tri- • Tetra- • Penta- • Hexa- • Hepta • Octa • Nona- • Deca- Examples: N2O – dinitrogen monoxide P4O10- tetraphosphorus decoxide As2O5- diarsenic pentoxide

14. Some Exceptions • “mono” is left off of the first element name if there is only one of those atoms CO2 _________________ CO _________________ Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide

15. Some Exceptions • Prefixes are sometimes shortened by dropping the “o” or “a” if the element name starts with a vowel N2O _____________ N2O4 _____________ Dinitrogen monoxide Dinitrogen tetroxide

16. Some Exceptions • Common names are used for some compounds H2O ______________ NH3 ______________ Water Ammonia

17. Name the following compounds: SO2 PCl3 CCl4 CS2 P4O6 PF5 XeF4 SO3 Sulfur dioxide Phosphorus trichloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon disulfide Tetraphosphorus hexoxide Phosphorus pentafluoride Xenon tetrafluoride Sulfur trioxide

18. Write formulas for the following compounds. Nitrogen monoxide Oxygen difluoride Carbon tetraiodide Dinitrogen pentoxide Dinitrogen tetroxide Sulfur hexafluoride NO OF2 CI4 N2O5 N2O4 SF6

19. Naming Acids • Acids were first identified as substances that break up into hydrogen ions and anions when dissolved in water Example: HCl H2O H+ + Cl- Binary Acids – acids containing monatomic anions Name = Hydro + “element name” + “ic” acid HF HCl HBr HI Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydroiodic acid

20. Acids with oxy-anions • Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ate” Name = “anion name” + “ic” acid HNO3 H2SO4 H2CO3 H3PO4 Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Carbonic acid Phosphoric acid

21. Acids with Oxy-anions • Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ite” Acid name = anion name + “ous” + “acid” H2SO3 HNO2 Sulfurous acid Nitrous acid

22. Covalent Network Compounds