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Magnet costs

Magnet costs. L. Bromberg J.H. Schultz ARIES Meeting & Review PPPL, October 3-4 2006. Superconductor Options and Implications. Nb 3 Sn wind and react (most conservative) Conventional design (ITER-like), but with high temperature inorganic insulation

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Magnet costs

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  1. Magnet costs L. Bromberg J.H. Schultz ARIES Meeting & Review PPPL, October 3-4 2006

  2. Superconductor Options and Implications • Nb3Sn wind and react (most conservative) • Conventional design (ITER-like), but with high temperature inorganic insulation • Presently being tested for VLHC design (3-D winding in cos-q magnets) • Nb3Sn react and wind (less conservative) • Thin cross section (low strain during winding) • MIT magnet for LDX (floating coil) • Low conductor current, internal dump • High Tc (most aggressive) • Epitaxially deposited on structure • YBCO 2-generation superconductor • Potential for low cost (comparable to NbTi) Ceramic insulation tape

  3. Costing • Magnet costing for the ARIES magnets substantially lower than that of present designs/machines • Cost savings due to • Conductor improvements • Nb3Sn and HTS (YBCO 2nd gen conductor) • Structure improvements • How do we evaluate “complexity?” • Costing of superconductor in stellarator by kA/m, rather than energy or weight (because of multipole field configuration)

  4. Cost of 10th of a kind vs 1st of a kind • Stellarators coils are more complex than tokamak coils • Design, tooling, winding, position assurance much more costly for first of a kind stellarator than for tokamaks • Modern methods of design and manufacturing avoid many of the issues of fitting, with software that goes directly from design engineer to the floor (Pro-engineer in NCSX) • Difficulty thus relative to winding/tooling

  5. Winding • Winding in stellarators is 3-D, vs ~2D winding for tokamaks • Additional time for winding • DB Montgomery: ~ 5 (guess) • High energy physics ~ 3 (winding solenoids vs cos-q dipoles) • J. Schultz: ~ 1.5 (from 2D to 3D) • Tokamaks already need 2-D winding • not winding in tension, which would result in cheaper winding operation • In ITER, winding to bring conductor into slots in radial plates

  6. Tolerance Impact on Cost ?

  7. Scaling Laws for Modeling Large Superconducting Solenoids, M. A. Green and A. D. McInturff, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. I I , NO. I , 2292(2001)

  8. Raw materials data $/kg of strand Conductor geometry & specs $/m of strand Strand diameter Recent Jc(H) performance data $/kA-m of strand Cabling cost $/m of cable $/kA-m of cable Costing Methods for SC cable Cost analyses of superconductors for high-field magnets, Lance Cooley, LTSW 2003, Monterrey CA

  9. * ** * * Reflects recent VAC/SMI bid and extruded tube quote ** Reflects recent presentation by Hasegawa at MT-18 PIT(Powder_in_Tube) LHC-NbTi $66 27¢ 21¢ @ 5T

  10. Powder in tube

  11. HTS • Present cost of 1st gen wire ~ 100$ kA/m (BSSCO) • Recent breakthrough in YBCO 2nd generation (344) • Multiple suppliers of tape (@77K) • Nominal current ~ 60 A, but have made 300 A, 100 m lengths (AMSC, SEI) • Extrapolation to ~ 500 A reasonable, 900A aggressive extrapolation • At 30 K, 12 T, expected current ~ 9 kA/tape • At 50 K, 12 T, expected current ~ 2.7 kA/tape • Present cost 2nd gen ~ 50-100 $/kA m

  12. Progress in YBCO A-m YBCO stuck at ~ 100 A-m for nearly a decade Oct 2005 – Nagoya Coated Conductor Center (NCCC) at ISTEC announces 50 kA-m wire (245 A x 212 m, PLD on IBAD-GZO), x 500 improvement ARIES-AT: Requires tape with ~ 5 MA-m, x 100 over NCCC Other commercial apps may only require x 10-20 improvement

  13. Dependence of Jc on T and H Multi-Scale Characterization: Evaluation of Microstructuraland Superconducting Properties Across Multiple Length Scales in 2ndGeneration HTS Wire. Terry Holesingerand Leonardo Civale, Superconductivity Technology, ,Alamos National Laboratory DOE PEER Review 2006 ORNL/RABITS Performance, 0.3 micron, 2000 Wire Development Workshop Proceedings, St. Petersburg, Florida, February 10-11, 2000

  14. HTS costing • At 64 K, 2 T: • 20 $/kA m • At 30K, large field • 4 $/kA m, ~ independent of field • Still more expensive than Nb3Sn (~ 2$/kA/m) @ 5 T, but not at 15 T!

  15. Summary • There is a potential for VERY large decrease in the cost of SC magnets • Development of superconductor has until recently been funded by OFES, mainly through SBIR’s • However, recent interest from the HEP community in high field devices (including VHLC) • Decrease in cost is associated both with improved conductor as well as improved conductor/winding concepts.

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