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Chapter 9 Religious Pluralism in Secular Classrooms. Focus Questions. Have you ever been exposed to other religions? How do parochial schools and secular schools differ? In what ways should religion be part of public schooling? Should public funds be used to support parochial schools?
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Focus Questions • Have you ever been exposed to other religions? • How do parochial schools and secular schools differ? • In what ways should religion be part of public schooling? • Should public funds be used to support parochial schools? • Why did the framers of the Constitution prohibit a state religion but also guarantee religious freedom?
Religion in America • Theocracy- a society where religion plays a major role • Fourteenth Amendment- (1868) granted citizens of states the same rights as citizens of the nation • Separation of Church and State • What is religion? • Universal vs. Sectarian • European Influences • African Influences- Nativists Religions • Middle Eastern Influences
Religious Pluralism in the Classroom • Religious diversity in the classroom • Conflicts • School roles and customs • School calendar • “Truth” • Evolution debate
Public Welfare vs. Private Freedoms • First Amendment Rights • Compulsory Attendance • Pledge of Allegiance-loyalty to the government • Saluting the flag • Prayer and Bible reading in schools • Public funds for religious schools
Important Court Cases • Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)- overturned the 1922 law that made public education mandatory • Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)- Amish children could quit school in the eighth grade • Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)- unconstitutional to prohibit teaching foreign languages • West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnett (1943)- don’t have to salute the flag • Lee v. Weisman (1992)- prayers at high school graduations are unconstitutional • Everson v. Board of Education (1947)- busing parochial schoolchildren
Competition for Public Schools • Charter Schools • Home Schooling • Vouchers
Organized Religion • Religious Right • Fundamentalism- in response to globalization and institutional change • Censorship