Understanding Mountain Systems: Faults, Stress & Plate Tectonics

1. Chapter 5 pages 82 - 93 • Warm up • Explain what a thrust fault is? • Exit • What makes a mountain system • Objectives • I will be able to write a description of the four types of faults • Homework • Chapter 5 Vocabulary – Define terms – give a fact • Read pages 82-93 • Vocab quiz Friday

2. Deformation Isostasy Isostatic adjustment Stress Strain Compression Tension Shearing Folding anticline syncline Monocline Fault fracture Hanging wall footwall Normal fault Reverse fault Thrust fault Strike-slip fault Mountain belt Mountain range Mountain system Plateau Volcanic mountain Graben Folded mountain Dome mountain Fault-block mountain Fault PLane Vocabulary Chapter 5; define and write sentence or draw

3. California Science Content Standards Covered: • Plate tectonics operating over geologic time has changed the patterns of land, sea, and mountains on Earth's surface. As the basis for understanding this concept: • 3C: Students know how to explain the physical properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they were formed, including plate tectonic processes

4. Objectives chapter 5.1 • predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust. • Identify sources of stress in crustal rock.

5. predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust. • The principle of isostaticadjustment • When the crust becomes heavier, it sinks; when it becomes lighter, it rises • Stress is the amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given materials. Stress causes strain • Strain is a change in the shape or volume of rock

6. predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust. • Isostasy is the balancing of two forces • Ex: Two block floating in the water • When it comes to the Earth’s crust, a landform (e.g. a mountain, glacier) can cause the lithosphere to BEND – this bending is called an ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT

7. predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust. • As ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENTS occur, the crust is bent – thus the DEFORMATION OF THE CRUST • Examples: Mountain ranges, rivers, glaciers

8. Identify sources of stress in crustal rock. • 2 causes of STRESS • Isostatic Adjustment • Tectonic Plate Movement • Strain is the ACTUAL change in the shape of rocks, CAUSED by STRESS • 3 types of STRAIN • Compression – push together • Tension – pull apart • Shear – tear apart

9. The three main types of stress Compression – rocks squeezed together tension – rocks pulled apart shearing – rocks bent, twisted, broken apart. Contrast the isostatic adjustment that might result from the melting of glacial ice with the isostatic adjustment that a large river emptying into the ocean might cause Identify sources of stress in crustal rock.

10. Plate Boundaries & The Stress of Strain

11. Objectives chapter 5.1 • predict isostatic adjustments that will result from changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust. • Identify sources of stress in crustal rock.

12. Folding anticline syncline Monocline Fault Fault fracture Hanging wall footwall Normal fault Reverse fault Thrust fault Strike-slip fault Vocabulary Chapter 5 Section 2

13. Objectives chapter 5.2 • Compare folding and faulting as responses to stress. • Describe four types of faults.

14. Compare folding and faulting as responses to stress. • Folding is whatresults when rock responds to stress by permanently deforming without breaking • Faulting is more likely to occur near the surface than deep within the earth • Pressure are too high deep within the earth for faulting to occur • Temperature allows the rock to flow more easily

15. Compare folding and faulting as responses to stress. • 3 types of Folds • Anticline • Syncline • Monocline

16. Describe four types of faults. • Describe four types of faults • Normal: • Reverse fault: • Thrust fault: • Strike-slip fault:

17. Describe four types of faults. • Normal Fault • Reverse Fault

18. Describe four types of faults. • Thrust Fault • Strike-slip Fault

19. Objectives chapter 5.2 • Compare folding and faulting as responses to stress. • Describe four types of faults.

20. Mountain belt Mountain range Mountain system Plateau Volcanic mountain Graben Folded mountain Dome mountain Fault-block mountain Vocabulary Chapter 5 Section 3

21. Objectives chapter 5.3 • Identify the types of plate collisions that build mountains. • Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them.

22. Identify the types of plate collisions that build mountains. • 3 Different Types of Plate Collisions • Oceanic-Oceanic An oceanic plate subducts below an oceanic plate. The water trapped under pressure melts part of the subducting lithosphere. This magma rises on the ocean floor forming an island arch of Volcanoes. Japan, Fiji, and Mariana are all examples.

23. Identify the types of plate collisions that build mountains. • 3 Different Types of Plate Collisions • Oceanic-Continental Oceanic plate is subducted under a continental plate. this causes large scale compression, form large mountains. there is some melting of the subducting plate, that may produce volcanic mountains. Some mountains may have been formed from micro-terranes.

24. Identify the types of plate collisions that build mountains. • 3 Different Types of Plate Collisions • Continental-Continental When continental plate is subducted under another continental plate. Large scale compression forms extremely high mountains, Himalayas. Region is prone to large earthquakes.

25. Name the four types of mountains and explain how each is formed Folded- Fault block- Volcanic- Dome- Chapter 5.3 Notes

26. Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them. • Folded Moutains • Tectonic plates collide, raising Mtns and large flat areas called plateaus • Ex: Himalayas

27. Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them. • Fault-Block Mtns & Grabens • Mtns formed when the crust breaks into pieces allowing blocks to sink relative to others

28. Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them. • Volcanic Mountain Formation • Mtns that form when molten rock erupts ONTO the crust of the Earth

29. Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them. • Dome Mountain Formation • Mountains that form when molten rock does not erupt onto the crust of the Earth

30. Objectives chapter 5.3 • Identify the types of plate collisions that build mountains. • Identify four types of mountains and discuss the forces that shaped them.