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Chemical Reactions

Learn about chemical reactions and different compound types, including molecules, ionic compounds, diatomic molecules, chemical formulas, acids and their properties, bases and their properties, the pH scale, and organic compounds.

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Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions

  2. Compound • Any substance that is made of two or more different types of atoms • Example: H2O

  3. Molecules • Atoms connected together with a strong bond. Examples would be H2O or CO2 or even C6H1206 • Most molecules are held together with covalent bonds. Covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared. These form very strong bonds between atoms and are most common in molecules necessary for life on earth.

  4. Covalent bond Examples

  5. Ionic Compounds • These are particles held together with weaker bonds caused by losing or gaining electrons (in an effort to fill the last orbital or energy level of an atom). • Examples are NaHCO3 and NaCl.

  6. Ionic Bond Example

  7. Diatomic Molecules • These occur when 2 atoms of the same type come together in a covalent bond and are mostly found in nature in this way. • There are 7 diatomic molecules common in nature: H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

  8. Chemical Formula • This tells the number of atoms and the types of atoms in a molecule of substance. • Mg SO4 • How many atoms in this formula? • How many types of elements?

  9. Two types of compounds • Strong bonds= molecule held together with shared electrons called covalent bonds • Weak bonds= ionic compound • Held together by transfer of electrons

  10. Acids and their Properties • Acids and Their Properties: • Sour taste, increase of hydrogen ions H + • Corrosive- destroy body tissue, clothing, metals • Poisonous • React with metals to make hydrogen gas • Conduct Electricity • pH range will be between 1-6 • Examples: HCl, lemon juice, vinegar, sulfur acid (H2SO4)

  11. Bases and their Properties • Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water. • Bitter taste, slippery feel • Corrosive to metals, skin, fabrics • Conduct electricity • Have pH range from 8-14 • Examples: bleach NaOH, lye, ammonia

  12. pH Scale • A scale chemists use to describe how acidic or basic a solution is. The more acidic a solution is the more H+ and the more basic a solution the more OH-

  13. Neutral • When the number of H+ is equal OH- • A pH of 7 is water! • A neutralization reaction- forms water and a salt

  14. Strong vs Weak • Strong Acids and Strong bases are on the opposite ends of the pH scale- FAR AWAY from pH of 7 • Weak acids and weak bases have pH’s closer to 7

  15. Organic Compounds • Organic compounds are chemical compounds containing the element carbon. • Typically associated with life systems- living things and include; • Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes,fats, methane, ether

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