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The RNA Revolution Biology’s Big Bang

The RNA Revolution Biology’s Big Bang. 1. Biotechnology: Definition.

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The RNA Revolution Biology’s Big Bang

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  1. The RNA Revolution Biology’s Big Bang

  2. 1. Biotechnology: Definition • Biotechnology is any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms, to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific purposes (Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress).

  3. 2. Genetic engineering • Genetic engineering: the specific modification or transfer of genetic material, underlies modern biotechnological innovation. • Applications: • Agriculture and animal husbandry. • Pharmacy, medical treatment and healthcare. • Pollution control, mining and energy production.

  4. 3. Definition of DNA and RNA DNA: the hereditary materials in all organisms that is located in the cell nucleus that makes up the genes and chromosomes in cells. RNA: a nucleic acid molecule similar to DNA but containing ribose （核糖）rather than deoxyribose（脱氧核糖）. RNA is formed upon a DNA template.

  5. 4. The Planetary Model

  6. 5. The double helix

  7. 6. The function of RNA Three major classes of RNA: • mRNA: messenger RNA carries the genetic information. • tRNA: transfer RNA is the adapter molecule. • rRNA: ribosomal RNA is found in the ribosomes. The 23S (and 28S) rRNA is the catalytic agent in protein synthesis.

  8. 7. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) They play a diversity of functions in different processes. • telomere RNA. • snRNA. • snoRNA. • gRNA. • tmRNA. • M1 RNA.

  9. 8. Main ideas and structure Part 1 Introduction: • The discovery of neutron explains the working of atom. • The recognition of the function of RNA is as important as the discovery of neutron. Part 2 Biotechnology is bound to change the world in the 21st century. • The development of physics has greatly changed the world. • The development of biotechnology is sure to change the world. • Physics helps us to understand the universe. Part 3 The importance of RNA • Biology helps us to understand human beings. • RNA as the operating system of the cell will play a critical role in our understanding of human beings. • Eventually we will be able to understand the role of RNA.

  10. 9. Questions for Feeling at Home • What are the dilemmas of the host countries and the immegrants? • What are the major problems hindering the integration of the immegrants? • What are the costs the host countries have to pay for failing to integrate the immegrants? • What is the structure of the article? • How does the writer presents his arguments?

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