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Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds and Infinitives. Gerunds. 1. Como sujeito da oração : Running is a great sport. 2. Após certos verbos : She enjoys meeting people. She misses going to parties. Would you mind carrying my bags?. 3. Após preposições: They’re interested in dancing .

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Gerunds and Infinitives

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  1. GerundsandInfinitives

  2. Gerunds 1. Como sujeitodaoração: Running is a great sport. 2. Apóscertosverbos: She enjoysmeeting people. She missesgoing to parties. Would you mindcarrying my bags?

  3. 3. Após preposições: They’re interested in dancing. Why do you insist ontelling the same old story? He left the room withoutsaying a word. They are good at fighting.

  4. 4. Após o verbo go – com atividades recreativas: Does he always go surfing in the summer? They go fishing on Sundays.

  5. 5. Após certas expressões idiomáticas: The test has started. It’s no use asking your doubts now. There was no point inwaiting, so we left. Do you think it’s worth taking a taxi?

  6. 6. Em proibições curtas: Don’t smoke here. = Nosmoking here. Don’t drink and drive. = Nodrinking and driving.

  7. 7. Usamos o gerund após o ‘S e adjetivo possessivo (formal), pronome oblíquo (informal) Kátia insisted on Marcelo’splaying with us. Kátia insisted on hisplaying with us. Kátia insisted on himplaying with us.

  8. Infinitives 8. Apósnúmerosordinais&paraindicarfinalidade: He was the first runner to arrive. I came to school to learn. She works in orderto be able to travel a lot.

  9. 9. Usamos o simple infinitive / bare infinitive (infinitivo sem o TO) após os verbos let, make e have. She is making him retype the report. The teacher let me leave earlier. My mother had me do the dishes. Obs.: O verbo HELP pode ser seguido de infinitivo com ou sem o TO.

  10. Gerund & Infinitives 10. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos de gerund ou infinitive, sem alteração de sentido. Mother Teresa startedto live/living in the slums of Calcutta from 1948. Though she faced many problems, Mother Teresa continuedto work/working for the poor.

  11. 11. Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos degerund ou infinitive, PORÉM, com diferença de sentido. She stoppedsmoking. = (Ela não fuma mais.) She stoppedto smoke. = (Ela parou de fazer algo para fumar.) He rememberedto turn off the TV. = (Ele se lembrou de desligar a TV.) He rememberedturning off the TV. = (Ele se lembrou de ter desligado a TV.)

  12. To infinitive 1. Use as subject Eg: To smoke is bad for you 2. To say why we do things (purpose) Eg: I got up early to catch the 7am train. 3. After some verbs (eg: expect, afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose, fail, learn, promise, hesitate...etc) Eg: I expect to pass the exams. Gerund (-ing forms) 1. Use as subject (more common) Eg: Smoking is bad for you. 2. After prepositions (on, in, before, for, without, after…etc.) Eg: You can’t live without eating Eg: Thank you for listening. 3. After some verbs (eg: dislike, enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can’t help…etc) Eg: I’ll finish studying in June. Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund

  13. 4. After some adjectives and nouns.(adj=easy, happy, glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult, dangerous ...etc; noun= work, money to spend, something to drink, different ways to protect her.…etc) Eg: She is ready to leave. (adj) Eg: I am glad to see you. (adj) Eg: I’ve got work to do. (n) 5. Some verbs can be followed by either gerund or to-infinitive Eg: I love going to school/ I love to go to school 4. After phrasal verbs Eg: I am not good at dancing. Eg: I am not interested insinging. Eg: John will give upsmoking. 5. eg: begin, continue, hate, love, start…etc.

  14. 6. Used in general sense(eg: love, like, hate, prefer..etc) Eg: I like to swim. * Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with the same meaning. (eg: love, like, begin, start, intend, continue..etc) * Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with different meaning. (Eg: remember, try..etc) 6. Used in particular situations Eg: I don’t like swimming on cold days. 7. No + gerund Eg: No money, no talking. 8. Stop + gerund. Eg: Stop talking, stop writing, stop walking…etc.

  15. Exerciseshttp://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.infing.i.htm 1.  There'sabsolutely no point in ________ it now. It'sfartoo late. (to do) DOING 2.  Betty refused ________ something more formal. (to wear) TO WEAR 3.  Didyouremember ___________ allthelights? (to turn off) TO TURN OFF 4.  Do youmind __________ thecatwhilewe'reaway? (to lookafter) LOOKING AFTER 5.  She'snotused to __________ onSaturdays. (to work) WORKING 6.  Blast! I forgot _________ themilk. (to buy) TO BUY

  16. 7.  Theyoffered ___________ me to theairport.(to take) TO TAKE 8.  Oldcarscost a bomb to maintain. It'sworth __________ a newone.(to buy) BUYING 9.Weprefer ___________ onFridaynights.(to stay in) TO STAY / STAYING IN 10.Weused to ________ footballeveryFridayafterschool.(to play) PLAY 11.  I mustavoid ________ there for a while. (to go) GOING 12.  Shelikes _________ to thetheatre. (to go) GOING/TO GO 13.Before ________ thehouse, I alwaysdoublecheckeverything. (to leave) LEAVING

  17. 14.  After ________ anexam, I normallygo a bit crazy.(to take) TAKING 15.  I can't stand ________ allweek-end. (to stay in) STAYING IN 16.  Look! I'mpretending ________ a dog. Woof! (to be) TO BE 17.  Wouldyoulike ___________ tonight? (to go out) TO GO OUT 18.Nobodywanted me __________ theguitar. (to play) TO PLAY 19.  It started __________ .(to snow) TO SNOW/ SNOWING 20.  What time havewearranged _________ ? (to meet) TO MEET

  18. CONGRATULATIONS!!!

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