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Micro- and Macro- nutrients

Micro- and Macro- nutrients. Required for good health. Micronutrients. Required in very small daily amounts (mg) < 0.005% body weight Do not produce energy ( like water ) Co- factors with enzymes Vitamins and trace minerals (Fe, Cu, F, Zn, I, B, Co, Mo). Macronutrients.

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Micro- and Macro- nutrients

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  1. Micro- and Macro- nutrients • Requiredforgoodhealth

  2. Micronutrients • Required in verysmalldailyamounts (mg) • < 0.005% bodyweight • Do not produce energy (likewater) • Co-factorswithenzymes • Vitamins and trace minerals (Fe, Cu, F, Zn, I, B, Co, Mo)

  3. Macronutrients • Required in largeramounts (> 0.005% bodyweight) • Proteins • Fats • Carbohydrates • Minerals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Cl)

  4. Vitamins • Requiredformetabolism, goodhealth and propergrowth • Help in formation of bloodcells, hormones nervoustissue • Fat soluble orwater soluble • OnlyVitamin D can be synthesisedbybody

  5. Vitamin A (retinol) • Fat soluble primary alcohol • Can be stored in body’sfat, therforenotneededto be eateneveryday • Light sensitive (conjugatedsystem) • Required in production of rhodopsin (in rods of retina) • Can changeconformation of molecules

  6. Vitamin C (ascorbicacid) • Water Soluble • Note hydrogenattachedtoelectronegative O. • Can hydrogen bond towater • Cannot be stored in bodyfat • Regular intakeisrequired

  7. Vitamin D • Fatorwater soluble ? • Fat soluble • Body can synthesiseit

  8. Causes of nutrientdeficiencies • Incomedisparities • Poor eatinghabits • Limitedfoodsupply • Famine • Malnutritionnothelpedbypoorsanitation, lack of healthsevices, poorliteracyrates

  9. Examples of Micro-nutrientdeficiencies • Anaemia • Goitre • Xerophthalmia • Pellagra • Beriberi • Scurvy • Rickets • (take notes using page 342)

  10. ExamplesofMacronutrientdeficiencies • Marasmus • Kwashiorkor • Edema • Fatigue • Decreasedimmunity • Osteoporosis • Cramps

  11. Solutionstovitamindeficiency • Foodrations • Addingnutrientstofood • Geneticmodification • Nutritionalsupplements • Seleniumsupplements • Ironrichfood

  12. Questions • Page 360

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