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Mendel’s Genetics

Mendel’s Genetics. Group 1 Period 1 Griffin McComb , Lizzy , Alina , Hannah, Suhani. Vocab. Genetics – the scientific study of hereditary Fertilization – joining of male and female reproductive cells

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Mendel’s Genetics

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  1. Mendel’s Genetics Group 1 Period 1 Griffin McComb, Lizzy, Alina, Hannah, Suhani

  2. Vocab • Genetics – the scientific study of hereditary • Fertilization – joining of male and female reproductive cells • True Breeding – organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate • Trait – a specific characteristic • Hybrid – offspring of crosses between parents of different traits.

  3. Vocab • Genes – chemical factors that determine traits • Alleles – the different form of a gene • Segregation – the separation of alleles • Gametes – specialized cells involved in reproduction (sex cells)

  4. Meiosis Vocab • Homologous – chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent • Diploid – a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes • Haploid – a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. • Meiosis – process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

  5. Meiosis Vocab Tetrad - structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis. Crossing over- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

  6. Key concepts • The principal of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. • During gamete formation, alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

  7. Interphase I • Cells undergo a round of DNA replication forming duplicate chromosomes.

  8. Prophase I • Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad.

  9. Metaphase I • Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

  10. Anaphase I • The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.

  11. Telophase I and Cytokinesis • Nuclear membranes form. • The cell separates into two cells

  12. Prophase II • Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

  13. Metaphase II • The chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of meiosis.

  14. Anaphase II • The sister chromatids separate and move toward the opposite ends of the cell.

  15. Telophase II and Cytokinesis • Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter cells.

  16. Quiz! • In which phase of meiosis does the cell separate into two cells? • Metaphase • Telophase • Anaphase • Interphase

  17. Quiz! • What is the first stage of meiosis? • Metaphase • Prophase • Interphase • Telophase

  18. Quiz! • A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is a…? • Diploid • Haploid • Tetrad • Polygenic

  19. Quiz! • What is the first stage of mitosis? • Metaphase • Prophase • Anaphase • Telophase

  20. Quiz! • Two identical chromosomes are also known as…? • Centrosomes • Chromatids • Centrioles • Brother cells

  21. Quiz! • What is the correct definition of homologous? • Process of cell division • Chromosomes that can have corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent. • Chromosomes that have different gene sequence • The process which cells undergo to reproduce DNA

  22. Quiz! • What is Meiosis? • Process of reproduction division in which the number of is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half • Cell division • Cell reproduction • Haploid gamete cell

  23. Quiz! • Which is the correct order of meiosis? • Telophase 1, telophase 2, metaphase1, anaphase1 • Anaphase2, telophase2, metaphase2, prophase2 • Interphase1, prophase1, metaphase1, anaphase1, telophase1, cytokinesis. • Prophase, interphase1, anaphase1, metaphase1, telophase1

  24. Quiz! • What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? • Mitosis: production of 2 genetically indentical diploid cells. Meiosis: 4 genetically different haploid cells. • Mitosis: cell reproduction. Meiosis: sex cell reproduction • Mitosis: happens in females only, Meiosis: happens in males only

  25. Quiz! • How many cells does mitosis produce? • 5 • 2 • 4 • 12

  26. Answers. 1.B 8.C 2.C 9.A 3.A 10.C 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A

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