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Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14

Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14. Biological Control Controlling “ Pest ” Insects Let ’ s Go Green. Key points: Biological Control Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents What are the constraints of biological control What are the advantages of biocontrol

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Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14

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  1. Pests Plagues & PoliticsLecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Green

  2. Key points: • Biological Control • Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents • What are the constraints of biological control • What are the advantages of biocontrol • Give other non-insect biocontrol agents

  3. Thebiggest enemy of an insect is another INSECT!! Bio-controlis the use of a pest insect’s natural insect enemies for its control. Bugs eat Bugs 1) As direct predators* 2) As parasites & parasitoids*

  4. Predators: Ladybird adult Both are excellent predators Ladybird larva Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU

  5. Asian weaver antOne of the earliest known insects as biocontrol agents http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaver_ant

  6. Mike Burgett

  7. Parasitoids: A fly parasitoid larva emerging from the host larva. Predation: A true bug, lunching on another true bug. Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU

  8. Polyembryony has taken placeand the bee larva containsmany thousands of wasp larva A carpenter bee giving you the once-over A carpenter bee larva that has been parasitized by a wasp. Mike Burgett

  9. Mike Burgett

  10. Biological Control – Advantages* • Self-perpetuating • Pest specific • Density dependent • Cost effective • Environmentally compatible

  11. Biological Control – Constraints* • Not immediately effective (may take years) • Not eradicative (is this really a constraint?) • Biocontrol agents unknown for many pest species. • Doesn’t always work • Historically only one out of four attempts has been successful

  12. What makes an effective biocontrol “agent”?? • High to complete prey specificity • Multivoltine with respect to target species • Well adapted to habitat of target species • Excellent searching ability Lacewing immature at “lunch” Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU

  13. Classic Biological Control“Control of an Exotic insect pest by the introduction of its natural enemies” • foreign exploration • quarantine processing • mass propagation • field colonization (release) • evaluation of impact 100 successes in the past 100 years!!

  14. Bugs on plants Tyria jacobaeae, Cinnabar moth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabar_moth

  15. Preventing predation and enhancing biocontrol Tansy ragwort flea beetle. Prevents plants from flowering through feeding. Introduced in USA in 1969 Bright colors of larvae/adults warning sign http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabar_moth http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca2404p12-63742.pdf

  16. In addition to Classic Biocontrol (bug vs. bug), we also use*: • Insect Pathogens • Viruses - Japanese Beetle Milky Disease, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus • Bacteria - the classic Bacillus thuringiensis • Microsporidians - against grasshoppers • Entomopathogenicfungi • Entomopathogenic nematodes

  17. Japanese beetle Bacillus popilae http://www.biconet.com/biocontrol/bpopillae.html http://www.hort.uconn.edu/ipm/homegrnd/htms/wgrbpics.htm

  18. I don’t feel so good. Moth larva infected with a Polyhedrosis virus http://www.monarchlab.org/lab/research/topics/Enemies/Default.aspx

  19. Key points on Biological Control • Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents • What are the constraints of biological control • What are the advantages of biocontrol • Give other non-insect biocontrol agents

  20. Another true bug munching on an aphid. - A direct predator. Bye A “mule killer” - a wingless parasitoid wasp - also known as velvet ants. Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU

  21. Key points: • Biological Control • Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents • What are the constraints of biological control • What are the advantages of biocontrol • Give other non-insect biocontrol agents

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