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ESS 303 – Biomechanics

ESS 303 – Biomechanics. Linear Kinematics. Linear VS Angular. Linear: in a straight line (from point A to point B) Angular: rotational (from angle A to angle B). B. A. A. B. Kinematics VS Kinetics. Kinematics: description of motion without regard for underlying forces Acceleration

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ESS 303 – Biomechanics

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  1. ESS 303 – Biomechanics Linear Kinematics

  2. Linear VS Angular • Linear: in a straight line (from point A to point B) • Angular: rotational (from angle A to angle B) B A A B

  3. Kinematics VS Kinetics • Kinematics: description of motion without regard for underlying forces • Acceleration • Velocity • Position • Kinetics: determination of the underlying causes of motion (i.e., forces)

  4. Linear Kinematics • The branch of biomechanics that deals with the description of the linear spatial and temporal components of motion • Describes transitional motion (from point A to point B) • Uses reference systems • 2D: X & Y axis • 3D: X, Y & Z axis

  5. Linear Kinematics B A

  6. What About This? B A

  7. What About This? B A

  8. Some Terms • Position: location in space relative to a reference • Scalars and vectors • Scalar quantities: described fully by magnitude (mass, distance, volume, etc) • Vectors: magnitude and direction (the position of an arrow indicates direction and the length indicates magnitude)

  9. Some Terms • Distance: the linear measurement of space between points • Displacement: area over which motion occurred, straight line between a starting and ending point • Speed: distance per unit time (distance/time) • Velocity: displacement per unit time or change in position divided by change in time (displacement/time)

  10. What About This? Distance & Speed B Displacement & Velocity A

  11. Y X Graph Basics B (4,3) A (1,1) C (5,2) D (2,1)

  12. SI Units • Systeme International d’Units • Standard units used in science • Typically metric • Mass: Kilograms • Distance: Meters • Time: Seconds • Temperature: Celsius or kalvin

  13. More Terms • Acceleration: change in velocity divided by change in time • (Δ V / Δ t) • (m/s)/s • Acceleration of gravity: 9.81m/s2 • Differentiation: the mathematical process of calculating complex results from simple data (e.g., using velocity and time to calculate acceleration) • Derivative: the solution from differentiation • Integration: the opposite of differentiation (e.g., calculation of distance from velocity and time)

  14. θ Today’s Formulas • Speed = d / t • Velocity = Δ position / Δ t • Acceleration = Δ V / Δ t • Slope = rise / run • Resultant = √(X2 + Y2) • Remember: A2 + B2 = C2 • SOH CAH TOA • Sin θ = Y component / hypotenuse • Cos θ = X component / hypotenuse • Tan θ = Y component / X component

  15. Sample Problems • A swimmer completes 4 lengths of a 50m pool • What distance was traveled? • What was the swimmer’s displacement? • Move from point (3,5) to point (6,8) on a graph • What was the horizontal displacement? • What was the vertical displacement? • What was the resultant displacement?

  16. Sample Problems • A runner accelerates from 0m/s to 4.7m/s in 3.2 seconds • What was the runner’s rate of acceleration? • Someone kicks a football so that it travels at a velocity of 29.7m/s at an angle of 22° above the ground • What was the vertical component of velocity? • What was the horizontal component of velocity?

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