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Lesson Plan Instructor: Jo L. Egelund Course Title: Animal Science Unit: Introduction to Animal Science, Domestication, & Importance Standard: 4006-01, 4007-01, 4008-01, 4013-01, 4014-01, 4016-01 Length: 90 min. each day Instruction Day(s): Day #1, 2, 3, 4,5 .
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Lesson PlanInstructor: Jo L. Egelund Course Title: Animal Science Unit: Introduction to Animal Science, Domestication, & Importance Standard: 4006-01, 4007-01, 4008-01, 4013-01, 4014-01, 4016-01 Length: 90 min. each day Instruction Day(s): Day #1, 2, 3, 4,5 Literacy Citizenship Collaboration Technology Thinking/Reasoning Lesson Title:Intro to Animal Science, Domestication, and Importance of Livestock Performance Indicator: Students will: Identify the types of livestock Evaluate the products and services livestock provide. Identify Utah’s rank in the nation’s agriculture crops, livestock, and products. Research and discuss six areas of employment in animal science and technology. Conduct a survey on the types of livestock raised in the community. Evaluate livestock production trends and explain your opinion on the future of livestock production. Discuss methods of preparing for a career in the animal industry. Describe the specific procedures for conducting research in agriculture and gaining approval for an animal health product. Investigate the types of animal research being conducted. List the regulatory agencies that review health products for safety and explain their function. Discuss the history of the domestication of farm animals. Interest Approach (Problem Statement): Ask students to tell about their experiences with small and large animals. Teaching Plan (Points of Emphasis): Read Unit 1, Domestication and Importance of Livestock, p.2-35, small animal care Ch.1, p.2-8 Prepare the Classification of Common Farm Animals Worksheet Take notes from Animal Science State Curriculum and participate Animal By-Product Presentation Research Animal Science research being conducted. Have students pair up, assign each group a question (from p. 35, 1-14), then each group should prepare a graphic organizer answering their assigned question. Graph the Livestock trends, using the tables on Table 1-5, p. 22-23 Research six different types of careers in the animal industry, then present one career to the class. Write an essay on “Develop an Opinion on the Future of Livestock Production.” Unit Test Review/Summary, Application, Evaluation: Worksheets Graphs Graphic Organizer Career research and class presentation Opinion essay Unit Test References Materials, Equipment & Supplies Required: State Animal Science and Technology Curriculum “Modern Livestock & Poultry Production” Book “Small Animal Care” Book Agricultural Research magazine Career Development Center Computer Lab.
Performance Indicators • Students will: • Identify the types of livestock. • Evaluate the products and services livestock provides. • Identify Utah’s rank in the nation’s agriculture crops, livestock, and products. • Research and discuss six areas of employment in animal science and technology. • Conduct a survey on the types of livestock raised in the community. • Evaluate livestock production trends and explain your opinion on the future of livestock production. • Describe the specific procedures for conducting research in agriculture and gaining approval for an animal health product. • Discuss methods of preparing for a career in the animal industry. • Investigate the types of animal research being conducted. • List the regulatory agencies that review health products for safety and explain their function. • Discuss the history of the domestication of farm animals.
Intro to Animal ScienceTerms and Definitions • Product an actual material provided by an animal that can be eaten, worn, or used. • Service a benefit provided by an animal. • Agriculture Industry individuals and companies involved in production, processing, and distribution of farm products. • Commodity product of agriculture • Examples: Beef, pork, lamb, dairy products • Cycle recurring change in price and production of agriculture commodities. • Processing preparing farm products for use. • Examples: Slaughtering, cutting, packaging • Production process of growing agricultural products.
Intro to Animal ScienceTerms and Definitions Trends direction of movement of a commodity in terms of production and prices. Stocker cattle beef animals that are to be placed on pasture for further growth. (Note: Stocker cattle are less than twelvemonths old and weigh less than 500 pounds.) Feeder cattle beef animals that have been grown on grass and are ready for the feedlot. (Note: Feeder cattle are seventeen to twenty-four months old, and weigh from 500 to 800 pounds. )
Intro to Animal ScienceTerms and Definitions • Slaughter cattle steers or heifers that have been fed over one-hundred days in a feedlot and are ready for processing. (Note: Slaughter steers weigh from 900 to 1300 pounds, slaughter heifers weigh from 800 to 1000 pounds. Of all cattle slaughtered, 90% are from seventeen to twenty-four months old.) • Demand consumer's desire to purchase certain commodities at a certain volume. • Supply amount of a commodity available for the day's trading market.
Types of Livestock • Beef • Dairy • Sheep • Swine • Dairy goats • Horses • Rabbits • Fish • Fur-bearing animals • Poultry
Products and Services Livestock Provide • Products • Meat • Eggs • Milk • Clothing • Medicine • Fertilizer • Miscellaneous Products • (shoe polish, photographic film, soap, glue, lubricants)
Products and Services Livestock Provide • Services • Power • (Draft Horses – Animals used for power are found primarily in developing nations. • Recreation • Horseback riding • Racing • Rodeos • Back-packing • Transportation • Mainly used for large range operations in the west.
Regulatory Agencies • FDA – Food & Drug Administration • Must approve applications to investigate new animal drugs and feed additives. • EPA – Environmental Protection Agency • Issues permits for some experiments involving animal health product testing. • USDA – United States Department of Agriculture • Reviews research plans for vaccines or other animal biologicals. • FSIS – Food Safety & Inspection Service of the USDA • Randomly tests slaughtered animals to ensure that meat is free of illegal residues.
Seven Steps for Approval of Animal Health Products Scientific Discovery Bringing an animal health product to market is a complex process. Only one in 20,000 discovered chemicals ever makes it from the laboratory to the farm. And only one in 200 potential drugs makes it through pre-clinical testing and approval. All this takes time. It can take three to four years to license a new animal vaccine, and a decade or more to take an animal drug from discovery to approval. It's also expensive. In 1990, the animal health products industry spent more then $400 million on research and development, twice what was spent in 1980. Preliminary Trials Once a scientist discovers a new material that might be useful in animal health, the potential product is put through a series of preliminary trials. Tests are conducted in test tubes, on simple organisms such as bacteria, yeasts or mo!ds. New tools from biotechnology and computer models are also used to determine how the compound behaves in living systems. Pre-Clinical Trials At the pre-clinical trial stage, tests are performed on animals to estimate the approximate dosage and check for any adverse effects. If, after these trails, the company remains convinced that the compound has potential, the appropriate federal agency is notified. The Food and Drug Administration approves applications to investigate new animal drugs and feed additives. The U.S. Department of Agriculture reviews research plans for vaccines or other animal biologicals. The Environmental Protection Agency issues permits for some experiments. Clinical Trials The fourth stage in the approval process involves clinical trials, with tests conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of a product. Generally, the government assigns a team of scientists to work with manufacturers to make sure that all necessary tests are conducted and all data are reviewed. The regulatory agencies must be sure that , drugs used in animals don't have residues in meat, milk or eggs, and they must determine how long it takes to deplete any traces of the drug from edible products. If the compound will be used in pregnant animals or if it leaves significant residues in tissues for a long time, breeding studies are undertaken to determine if it is toxic to the embryo or causes birth defects. Researchers also conduct field trials to demonstrate how the product works under typical farm conditions in various parts of the country. In addition to conducting clinical trials, the manufacturer must be able to prove that it can consistently produce a quality product.
Seven Steps for Approval of Animal Health Products Regulatory Review With the clinical trials complete the tests are then reviewed by the appropriate regulatory agency. If the compound can be proven safe and effective, the government will give the manufacturer permission to produce and sell the product. Product Approval When a product is approved, its label becomes part of the federal record. Because the label is a legal document, it cannot be changed without government approval. Livestock producers are required by law to adhere to label instructions when they use an animal health products. Monitoring As a final check, the government monitors the food supply for illegal drug residues. The FDA Milk Safety Branch, along with state regulators, monitors the milk supply, and the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service randomly tests slaughtered animals to ensure that meat is free of illegal residues. Each year, FSIS tests more than 40,000 samples for more than 100 animal drug and pesticide products. Over the last 10 years, the violation rate has steadily declined. In 1990, only 0.3 percent of all samples tested showed illegal levels.
Careers in the Livestock Industry Farmer / Rancher Manager Foreman Herdsman Researcher Production Processing Marketing New equipment and use Animal Scientist Industry Food processing Pesticides and herbicides Feed manufacturing Dairy processing Business Agricultural banking Farm management Grading and packaging (meat inspector) Agricultural Marketing Education Agriculture extension specialist Agricultural education instructor College instructor Governmental agencies Communication Farm reporting Market reporting Radio (Writer /Newscaster) Television (Writer / Newscaster) Service Inspection and regulation Plant and animal quarantine Foreign service Agriculture consultant Veterinary Brand Inspector Veterinarian’s Assistant Park Rancher Fish and Game Officer Sales Equipment Salesperson Agricultural Sales Butcher Pasture / Rangeland Mgmt.
Careers in Livestock Industry • Select a career in the Livestock Industry • Research and write the report on your chosen career including, but not limited to: • Education needed • Training or experience • Job responsibilities • Hazards • Benefits • Average starting salary / range • Discuss methods for preparing for this career. • Present oral report in class • Turn in written report using correct spelling, complete sentences / paragraphs, punctuation, etc.
Domestication and Classification of Farm Animals Performance Indicators • Students will: • Discuss the history of the domestication of farm animals. • List, explain, and categorize livestock by their function. • Graph the trends of the livestock industry and decide the livestock industry’s success or decline.
