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Satellite Remote Sensing for Environmental Advocacy. Presented to Earthworks. Washington, DC – March 26, 2004. John F. Amos, SkyTruth. What Is SkyTruth?. A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization exemption in March 2002 Based in Shepherdstown, West Virginia
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Satellite Remote Sensing for Environmental Advocacy Presented to Earthworks Washington, DC – March 26, 2004 John F. Amos, SkyTruth
What Is SkyTruth? • A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization • exemption in March 2002 • Based in Shepherdstown, West Virginia • A distributed network of remote sensing and GIS experts and partner organizations • Providing remote sensing and GIS assistance and training to environmental advocates and government agencies
What Is Remote Sensing? • Collecting information from a distance, by measuring energy coming from the target • Energy reflected off the target from a natural source (sunlight) • Energy reflected off the target from an artificial source (examples: sonar, seismic, radar) • Energy emitted by the target (example: infrared “heat”)
REFLECTED ENERGY, NATURAL SOURCEVisible – Infrared Image Landsat ETMsatellite image Northern California 180x180 km
REFLECTED ENERGY, NATURAL SOURCE Visible – Infrared Image Aster satellite image US – Mexico border
REFLECTED ENERGY, NATURAL SOURCE Visible – Infrared Image Probe airborne scanner image Santa Barbara, California
REFLECTED ENERGY, ARTIFICIAL SOURCE Radar Image RADARSAT radar satellite image Natural oil slicks Gulf of Mexico
EMITTED ENERGYThermal Image Landsat ETMthermal infrared satellite image Wildfire (yellow line) and burned area (dark red) Kazakhstan
Trends in Remote Sensing Decreasing Data Cost Landsat, 1990s: $4,400 Landsat, today: $ 600 Desktop Mapping Improved GIS software Powerful desktop PCs Demonstrated applications Rapid Internet distribution New Platforms/Sensors High-resolution, Radar, Hyperspectral
High-Resolution Imagery Ikonos high-resolution satellite image 1 meter detail (50 cm in 2004?) Precision mapping, monitoring
Tanker salvage operation, Brazil Ikonos high-resolution satellite image
APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY Upper Green River valley, Wyoming Pinedale BLM jurisdiction, black Jonah natural gas field, red Landsat TM
APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY Well pad with working drill rig Pad ~4 acres Jonah gas field
APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY Jonah field – aerial view looking west, June 2001
7 miles APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY 1986 Landsat TM
7 miles APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY 1999 Landsat ETM
7 miles APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY 2001 Landsat ETM
7 miles APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY 2002 Landsat ETM
Products • Poster-size maps, images, image collages • Page-size information handouts • Digital graphics • Slide shows • Web publishing • Brochures and flyers
Products • GIS Data Layers • Map oriented, enhanced imagery • Analyses derived from imagery • Land use / land cover • Change detection • Pollution detection • Forward-looking simulations
APPLICATION EXAMPLEGas Field Infrastructure – Jonah, WY Elk and Pronghorn migration corridor
APPLICATION EXAMPLEMining - Rudnyi, Kazakhstan Tailings pond dimensions calculated on-screen Length (E-W) is 5.4 km Area is 950 ha Tailings volume is 190M m3 (assuming 20m thickness)
APPLICATION EXAMPLEMining – Mountaintop Removal, WV Valley fill operation Kayford Mtn West Virginia
1987 Marfork complex, WV
2000 Marfork complex, WV
Washington DC Marfork complex
1987 – View to west, future Marfork mining area. Image draped on topography data.
2000 – View to west, Marfork mine complex. Topography data modified to average elevation calculated within mining area.
APPLICATION EXAMPLEMining – Mountaintop Removal, WV Regional impact of mining practices Marfork complex in upper right Other MTRM areas pink
APPLICATION EXAMPLEMining – Carlin Trend, NV • Betze-Post Mine • Largest gold mine in U.S. • 3rd largest in world • Surface and underground operations • Cyanide heap-leaching
1984 Betze-Post gold mine 2 years after surface ore discovery (Post deposit) Total surface area impact: 3,226 acres
1991 Betze-Post gold mine 4 years after acquisition by Barrick and discovery of Betze deposit Total surface area impact 6,812 acres 512 acres/yr
2000 Betze-Post gold mine 4 years after Barrick opens underground Meikle deposit Total surface area impact 14,036 acres 803 acres/yr
What if? San Francisco
Hmmm… 20 years after gold is discovered in Mission District