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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. The Age of the Enlightenment “Raison”. What Led to the Enlightenment?. Popularization of science (through the scientific revolution Science became part of literature: more knowledge, more skepticism Impact of travel literature: created the idea of the natural man

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 The Age of the Enlightenment “Raison”

  2. What Led to the Enlightenment? • Popularization of science (through the scientific revolution • Science became part of literature: more knowledge, more skepticism • Impact of travel literature: created the idea of the natural man • Locke and Newton

  3. Montesquieu French Persian Letters: criticized society, the Church and the monarchy Checks and Balances Voltaire French Admired English political system Candide Ferney (estate) Very critical of civil liberties People to Know

  4. Diderot French Encyclopedia Attacked Christianity (was not rational) Rousseau French (born in Geneva) Social Contract: tried to harmonize individual liberty with governmental authority Rights of Natural Man People to Know

  5. Locke England Theory of the Blank Mind (tabula rasa): shaped by environment Essay Concerning Human Understanding Newton England Rule of Reasoning: applied to all aspects of society Newton’s Laws of Physics People to Know

  6. Culture of the Enlightenment • Salons: engage in “witty, sparkling” conversations • Rococo: architecture with curves and highly secular • Mozart: musicalprodigy from Austria • Carnival: celebrated by lower classes rather than upper classes, normal moral standards were ignored • Neoclassicism: Emphasis on honor and patriotism, popularduring French Revolution

  7. Women in the Enlightenment • Hostesses of salons • Mary Wollstoncraft: strong feminist, Vindication of the Rights of Women, founder of modern feminism • Mary Astell: A Serious Proposal to the Ladies expressed the need to educate women

  8. Deism • A religious outlook shared by most philosophers • Suggested the existence of a mechanic God • Created universe but no longer involved, allowed it to follow its natural laws

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