Blending Quotations ________________________________________________________________

1. Blending Quotations________________________________________________________________

2. The Basics • Always integrate quotations into your text. • NEVER just “drop” a quotation in your writing! • In other words, don’t let a piece of textual evidence stand alone as its own sentence (unless it’s multiple sentences long). • Use your own words to introduce a quotation.

3. How To Improve Blending Quotes • Use only the most effective part of the quotation. • Maintain a smooth sentence style.

4. Examples • Lou Ann Ruiz is very connected to her old home in Kentucky. “She thought of herself as just an ordinary Kentuckian a long way from home.” (page 21) • She thought everything would fall into place. “That was Lou Ann’s method. She expected that divorce would develop like a pregnancy.” (25).

5. Improved 1. Lou Ann Ruiz feels like “an ordinary Kentuckian a long way from home” (21). She is very connected to her Kentucky roots and feels out-of-place in Tuscon, Arizona. 2. Lou Ann avoided confrontation, even if it meant she stayed in an unhappy marriage, “that was Lou Ann’s method” (26).

6. How To Improve Blending Quotes • Remember to use ellipses if necessary. Original “Students who pay attention in class, eat a healthy breakfast, and read at least ten books a year, are more likely to succeed and get into a better college.” Improved According to Brakemen’s article on college admissions, “Students who pay attention in class…are more likely to succeed and get into a better college.”

7. Another Example • Original: • Hemingway hints of a storm on the move. “The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain” (Hemingway 179). • Smoothly blended into sentence: • A storm approaches the town as “the shadow of a cloud [moves] across the field of grain” and Maggie turns back to the forest (Hemingway 179).

8. Using Signal Phrases • Ineffective: • T.S. Eliot, in his “Talent and the Individual,” uses gender-specific language. “No poet, no artist of any art, has his meaning alone. His significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists” (Eliot 29). • Why ineffective? the quote is “dropped in.”

9. Using Signal Phrases • Use signal phrases to blend the quote into the sentence, making it read smoothly: • T.S. Eliot, in his “Talent and the Individual,” uses gender-specific language. He argues, for instance, that “no poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone. [Indeed,] his significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists” (Eliot 29). • See how the signal phrase makes the sentence read smoother?

10. Signal Verbs Signal verbs: Acknowledges allows believes concludes Advises answers charges concurs Agrees asserts claims confirms Criticizes emphasizes offers reveals Declares expresses opposes says Describes interprets remarks states Disagrees lists replies suggests Discusses objects reports thinks Disputes observes responds writes

11. Student Examples from Night Timed Writing • Original: • Now, as Rabbi Eliahu searches hopelessly for a son of his whom had abandoned him, Elie renounces his faith completely. “And in spite of myself, a prayer formed inside of me, a prayer to this God in whom I no longer believed” (Wiesel 91). • A suggested revision: • Now, as Rabbi Eliahu searches hopelessly for a son of his whom had abandoned him, “a prayer formed inside [Elie]…to this God…[he] no longer believed” and he renounces his faith completely (Wiesel 91).

12. More Student Examples • Original: • Night also represents the fire that killed so many people. “And just as the train stopped, this time we saw flames rising from a chimney into a dark sky” (Wiesel 28). • A suggested revision: • Wiesel suggests night represents death by fire as he and other passengers witness “flames rising from a chimney into a dark sky” which are no doubt burning people alive (Wiesel 28).

13. More Student Examples • Original: • You start to see this fairly early in the book. “What had happened to me? My father had been struck in front of me, and I had not even blinked” (Wiesel 39). • A suggested revision: • Elie is disgusted with himself when his father is beaten right “in front of [him], and [he] had not even blinked” (Wiesel 39). He begins to question his own values as his concern for his father appears to decrease.

14. More Student Examples • Original: • Through out the book, most of the killings or horrible events, including Elie, occur during the night. “They must of taken him away before daybreak and taken him to the crematorium” (Wiesel 112). • A suggested revision: • Throughout the book, many horrible events including the killings occur during the night. Indeed, Wiesel tells of a man “taken…away before daybreak… to the crematorium” (Wiesel 112).