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Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great. Who was Alexander the Great?. A warrior by the age of 14 A general by the age of 18 A king by the age of 20. Alexander’s Father. His father was King Philip II of Macedon. Another Picture of Philip. Philip’s Kingdom. The Phalanx. Alexander’s Childhood.

marah-rutledge
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Alexander the Great

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  1. Alexander the Great

  2. Who was Alexander the Great? • A warrior by the age of 14 • A general by the age of 18 • A king by the age of 20

  3. Alexander’s Father • His father was King Philip II of Macedon

  4. Another Picture of Philip

  5. Philip’s Kingdom

  6. The Phalanx

  7. Alexander’s Childhood • He was born and raised in Pella • He died at the age of 32 in 323 B.C. • Plutarch documented Alexander’s childhood • Alexander was born in 356 B.C.

  8. Alexander’s Mother • Alexander’s mother was Olympias

  9. Early Life Continued • Olympias worshipped serpents that represented Zeus and Dionysus • People went to see the oracle of Apollo in Delphi • Aigai was the capital of Philip’s Macedonia • Philip became king in 359 B.C. • Alexander read books by Homer • At the age of 13, Alexander tamed his horse, Bucephalus • Alexander was tutored by Aristotle

  10. Aristotle Tutoring Alexander

  11. Alexander’s Horse

  12. Alexander and his Dad • Alexander went to see nymphs, mythological goddesses in nature • Philip’s phalanx carried a 15-18 foot long pike • Thebes and Athens went against Philip • Alexander helped his dad at age 18 at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. • They found the band of Thebes below a lion • Philip now controlled Greece

  13. The Lion

  14. Early Alexander • The historian, Diodorus started to write about Alexander at age 18 • Philip married Cleopatra at the age of 18 ( Not Egypt’s Cleopatra) • Olympias was from Epirus • Darius led the Persians against Alexander • Philip died in 336 B.C., Alexander became king

  15. Alexander’s Family • Philip’s tomb was found in 1977 • Alexander regained Greece in 6 months after his father’s death • Cleopatra then committed suicide • Age 18

  16. Alexander’s Military Career • Alexander’s goal was to conquer Persia and Asia • Alexander had to cross the Hellespont to get into Asia • For luck, Alexander sacrificed a bull to Poseidon, God of the ocean • Alexander’s first victory happened at the Granicus river in 334 B.C.

  17. Alexander’s Career • In Gordium, Alexander solved the riddle of the knot • In 333 B.C., Alexander won at the battle of Issus

  18. Battle of Issus

  19. Alexander’s Battles • The weakness of the phalanx is rough ground • In 332 B.C., Alexander tried to capture Tyre • To get to Tyre, Alexander built a mole or causeway • To defeat Tyre, Alexander borrowed warships from Cyprus • It took Alexander 7 months to get Tyre

  20. Alexander in Battle

  21. Alexander in Egypt • Alexander went into Egypt after Tyre and became a pharaoh • He created Alexandria to control world trade • Alexander traveled the Sahara Desert for 6 weeks • Alexander asked an oracle three questions about this life in the desert

  22. The Three Questions 1. Will I conquer the world? 2. Am I the son of Zeus? 3. Has all of my father’s murderers been punished?

  23. Alexander and the Persians • Alexander met the Persians at Guagamela in 331 B.C. • In 326 B.C., Alexander turned to Persia • The Persians used chariots armed with swords against Alexander • Alexander defeated 300,000 Persians • After the battle, Alexander moved to Persepolis • Talents = 57.5 pounds

  24. A Talent

  25. Alexander Against the Persians

  26. Battle of Guagamela

  27. Alexander and the Persians • Alexander executed the general Bessus by using trees • Philotas met Antigone and was executed • In 327 B.C., Alexander moved to India • At age 29 Alexander married Roxeanne

  28. Alexander and the Persians • In 326 B.C., King Porus used elephants against Alexander • Alexander had his lung pierced at Mali • In July of 324 B.C. Hepfastian died as Alexander reached Susa • On June 10, 323 B.C. Alexander the Great died • His last words were “To the strongest”

  29. Alexander Against King Porus

  30. Alexander’s Death • Alexander died in Babylon • His body was sent to Alexandria • Ptolemy stole Alexander’s body • In 301 B.C., 3 generals first divided Alexander’s empire • In 200 B.C., the Romans invaded Macedon

  31. Alexander’s Tomb

  32. Alexander’s Legacy • Alexander led 40,000 troops • Alexander marched over 20,000 miles in 12 years • It took 20 rulers to run Alexander’s empire after his death

  33. Alexander’s Empire

  34. Alexander the Great

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