Moving people and freight in the urban environment

1. Moving people and freight in the urban environment Dr James Luk Chief Scientist, Transport Management & Safety www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

2. Contents • urban congestion • network monitoring • managing congestion for general traffic • managing urban truck movements • some observations www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

3. Road traffic system www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

4. Congestion • more than 900,000 new cars in 2005 • limited public sector road funds • severe recurrent congestion • incidents • more toll roads which can be congested • what are the congestion management tools available? www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

5. Network monitoring www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

6. Network performance monitoring • National Performance Indicators (NPI) - floating-car surveys • real-time monitoring using loop sensors • real-time monitoring using automatic vehicle location (AVL) technologies: vehicle tags, GPS, mobile phones www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

7. Example – a.m. peak speed (km/h) (Source: http://www.algin.net/austroads/) www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

8. VicRoads freeway data www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

9. Monash Freeway – absolute change in volumes by time of day against base year 2001 www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

10. ARRB research on arterial travel times www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

11. Congestion contours (Brisbane) www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

12. AVL technologies, e.g. CityLink tags www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

13. Managing congestion (general traffic) www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

14. Enabling technologies • Info & Com Tech (ICT) - short range tags DSRC- satellite GPS- mobile phone- GPS + mobile phone- Auto No. Plate Recognition • image processing • sensors • smart cards www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

15. Measures (general traffic) • pricing • network operations and driver information • more integrated public transport www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

16. Road pricing www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

17. Congestion pricing • Singapore 1975 : Toll S$3 ; -73% less traffic • London 2003 : Toll £5 ; -20% less traffic • Tehran ?? • many other variants • effective for managing congestion but still difficult to accept www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

18. Car ownership costs • ERP - S$100 m per year in Singapore (1999) • Premium from Certificate of Entitlement - S$1,500 m per year (1999) • little doubt on which is the more effective tool • Shanghai is learning fast • but high car ownership costs in Australia has serious implications www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

19. Road network operations • shift from time management, e.g. signals and ramp metering • to better traffic distribution in time and space • tools:- congestion pricing - traveller informationfrom network monitoring www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

20. Network impact of traveller information • road managers can achieve lower network delay with subscription level up to 30% • individual subscribers get personalised guidance thus reducing own travel time Delivery Road managers and road users Content www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

21. Integrated public transport • better and more pt service • smart cards • smart bus – real-time monitoring and scheduling • better integration www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

22. Five ways of integration infrastructureintegration • physical integration • network integration • fare integration  • information integration • institutional integration www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

23. Large infrastructure integration www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

24. Network & institutional integration Information integration www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

25. Managing urban truck movements www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

26. Management of truck operations and access • land use regulation • truck routes and access management (urban IAP) • signal linking and other Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) • parking and loading control • truck bans www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

27. Land use • few green field sites • zoning - complementary land uses • relocation, e.g. freight terminals • urban renewal • infrastructure and access, e.g. East Link and Bunnings Warehouse in Melbourne There has been less urban truck movements due to better planning www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

28. Truck routes - PBS road classification NTC study by ARRB - based on road geometries, traffic engineering, vehicle dynamics and environmental considerations www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

29. Benefits of a unified truck route framework • harmonised and consistent guidelines • truck operators are fully aware of which routes to use for different truck types • more transparent in granting permits • route continuities (or discontinuities) • a network of ‘high productivity’ routes could be considered • movements of hazardous goods can be accommodated. www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

30. Lack of signal linking for trucks QUT research ‘red wave’ www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

31. Some observations www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

32. Looking back • success stories:- Internet, mobile phones - tolling technologies- safer cars & in-vehicle devices- smart cards • potential recognised:- real-time ITS data - dynamic network operations- congestion pricing- interoperable tolling www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

33. Looking back • not so successful- system architecture- cost / benefit analysis- equity issue but look at HOT lanes- making money out of driver info- many players of different agenda www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge

34. Future and conclusions (2016) • more and better data • road pricing:- more tolled roads- DSRC and satellite based- toll for extra capacity on existing roads- time-of-day pricing - real-time HV charging • safer cars • more in-car devices • 3G networks with traffic contents • $3 per litre petrol BUT congestion won’t go away www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge