Adverbial Clause 状语从句

Adverbial Clause状语从句

状语： 表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、方式等的句子成分。状语从句：由句子来充当表示动作发生的时间、条件、原因、目的、结果等成份这样的句子。

1.时间状语从句 (1)引导词：when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, until, since. (2)若主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。 (3)not...until的同义句替换。

I. When 当……时，（有时表示突然性） 1)When he comes here tomorrow, I will call you. 2)Henry is in charge of the office when Mr Smith is away.

II. while在……期间，然而 （常表示从句的时态和主句的时态同时）发生 1)While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. 2)He learned to speak English while he was here. 3)I like tea while she likes coffee. 4）Boys were playing ball games while girls were singing

III. as (一边...一边,随着） 1)As they were picking tea（采茶）, the girls were singing happily. 2) She sang as she worked.

IV. before 1) We often finish our homework before we go to bed.

V. after 1)After he finished his work, he left there.(同意句） After finishing his work, he left there.

VI .as soon as一……就…… 1) As soon as she got home, she began to cook.

until (till)直到…… • （在含有until从句的主从复合句中，如果主句中的动词是短暂性的，那么用否定形式；如果是延续性的，则用肯定形式） • e.g.1）I will stay here until he arrives. • 2）I won’t leave here until he arrives

VIII. since自从……以来 1)I have known him since he was a boy 2)I have worked here since I graduated from the university. 3)Tom has been in China since 1997.

考点：时间状语从句until 和before, after 之间的转换： e.g. He left home after his parents got back.（同意句） He didn’t leave home until his parents got back.

Exercises: 1.He will write to me as soon as he ____ Shanghai tomorrow. A. will reach B. reaches C. got to D. will come

2.John fell asleep ___ he was listening to the music. • after • B. before • C. while • D. as soon as

3. He was riding to school ___ he was hit by a car this morning. • after • B. when • C. as • D. before

4. We’ll ____ the library ____ you come back. • leave; until • B. reach; till • C. stay at; till • D. wait for; until

2.条件状语从句 (1)引导词：if （如果）, unless （除非）. (2)若主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代 (3) if...not与unless及or的同义句转换。

I. if 1) We will have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 2)If you work harder, you will succeed. Work harder, and you will succeed. Work harder, or you will fail.

II. unless 1)We can’t write to Mary unless she tells us her address. We can’t write to Mary if she doesn’t tell us her address.

考点：条件状语从句if 和unless 之间的转换，以及它们和“祈使句+连词+简单句”之间的转换： e.g. If you don’t work hard , you won’t be good at English. You won’t be good at English unless you work hard. Work hard, and （ then ）you will be good at English.

Exercises: 1.I don’t know if he will come. If he ____, please let me know. A. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming

2. We will have a sports meeting if it _____ next Sunday. • don’t rain • B. doesn’t rain • C. rains • D. won’t rain

3. You will not pass the exam ____ you work hard. • if • B. unless • C. when • D. after If you work hard, you will pass the exam.

3.原因状语从句 (1)引导词:because, since, as，for. (2)对because 原因状语提问用“why”。 (3)because 不能与so连用。 (4)because,since，as, for的区别： because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以why引导的特殊疑问句时只可用because,而as, since 引导的从句却不可；as，since从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因；for往往用于附加理由证明。 

because , since , as , for, now that 1.I do it because I like it. (why) 2. Since you are free , you’d better help me. 3. As it is fine today, we’ll go for a picnic. 4. The day is broken, for the birds are singing. 5.Now that class is over, let’s go to play football.

Exercises:since/as/for/because/ 1. – Why didn’t he come yesterday ? --_____ he had something important to do . 2. It must have rained last night ,_____ the ground is wet. Because for

since/as/for/because 3. ______ everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting. 4. _____ the weather is fine, we’d better go swimming. Since As

Exercises: I went to the barber’s ____ I wanted to have my hair cut. A. if B. or C. so D. because

4.目的状语和结果状语 (1)引导词：so that (in order that). （为了）从句中常用情态动词。 (2)引导词：so...that, such...that. (3)so与such的区别 (4)so...that与too...to和...enough to间转换  ①so+形+a/an+名 such+ a/an+形+名 ②so+ many /much/few/little+形+名 ③such+形+不可数名词/可数名词复数

1. The mountain is sohighthat I can’t climb to the top. It’s sucha high mountainthat I can’t climb to the top 2. The film is so interesting that he has seen it twice. It is such an interesting film that he has seen it twice.

3. many , much , few , little (1)I had solittle moneythat I couldn’t lend it to you. (2)He has somany strange questions that I can’t answer all of them.

so…that…--- too…to…（结果） 1.The mountain is so high that I can’t climb up to the top. The mountain is too high for me to climb up to the top.

2. I’m so tired that I can hardly finish the work. I’m too tired to finish the work.

…so that…（目的） I stood up so that I could see the blackboard. We name the library after the scientist so that we can remember him forever.

考点：目的状语从句so that / in order that 和不定式 so as to / in order to 之间转换： e.g. He worked hard so that he could enter a good school. He worked hard so as to enter a good school.

Exercises: • 1.He studies hard _____ he can catch up with others. • so…that… • B. so that • C. so • D. because

2.The driver hurt the girl ______badly _______she had to see a doctor.  A. so, that B. either, or C. too, to D. neither, nor

3.David was so careless that he didn't find the mistakes in his test paper.(改为简单句) David was _____careless _____ find the mistakes in his test paper. too to

5.比较状语从句 (1)引导词：as... as, not as (so)...as, than (2)not as (so)...as与than的同义句替换。(3)as...as, not as (so)...as中间用形容词或副词的原形。

as… as, not as (so)…as, more/-er… than, less…than 1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do. 2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.

as… as , not as (so)…as, more/ -er … than, less…than 3) The more you worry, the less you’ll succeed. 4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.

考点：比较状语从句than 和最高级之间的转换： e.g. He is taller than any other student in his class. He is the tallest student in his class.

Exercises: • 1.This picture doesn’t look _____ that one. • as beautiful asB.as beautifully as • C. as better as D. the best as

2.Tom works _______than Ben. A. harder B. hardest C. more hard D. hardly

6.让步状语从句 (1)引导词：though, although. (2)though不能与but连用。

考点： 让步状语从句though / although 和并列句 but 之间的转换： Although he is old, he still has sports every day. He is old, but he has sports every day.

1. Although (Though)he is old ,he works hard. 2.He is old, but he works hard.

Exercise : 1.May still failed to pass the exam,____ she tried her best. A. if B. until C. though D. because

Exercise : 2.My grandpa is old, _____he is very strong. A. if B. or C. though D. but

1.时间状语从句 (1)引导词：when, while, as, before, after,as soon as, until, since. (2)若主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。 (3)not...until的同义句替换。 2.条件状语从句 (1)引导词：if, unless. (2)主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。 (3)if...not与unless及or的同义句转换。 3.原因状语从句 (1)引导词:because, since, as，for. (2)对because 原因状语提问用“why”。 (3)because 不能与so连用。

Adverbial Clause 状语从句