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Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

Chapter 4. Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence. Chapter 4. Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion. During the 1700’s…. New ideas regarding society, citizenship & government emerged What is the purpose of government?. European Enlightenment Philosophy 1700’s- Influenced American Colonists.

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Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

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  1. Chapter 4 Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

  2. Chapter 4 Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion

  3. During the 1700’s… • New ideas regarding society, citizenship & government emerged • What is the purpose of government?

  4. European Enlightenment Philosophy 1700’s- Influenced American Colonists • John Locke:ALL men are born with natural rights and should be free • Voltaire:Freedom of Speech should be permitted • Montesquieu:Power should be shared (anti- absolute power ex: King)

  5. John Locke • English Enlightenment Philosopher • “ the governed have aresponsibility to rebel against a government that fails to protect the natural rights of life, liberty & property”

  6. The Enlightenment in Pictures • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CP8k_f3PFq8

  7. American Colonists… • Began to question their relationship with Great Britain when… • 1. Britain began imposing “unfair” laws • 2. British soldiers abused their authority • 3. When Great Britain started “taxing” colonists unfairly

  8. What is Mercantilism? • An economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by: • 1. Obtaining large amounts of gold & silver • 2. Establishing favorable trade • a Nation’s power is measured by its economic wealth.

  9. THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES • 1. Colonies were self – governing • Benefitted from trade with their Mother country ( England) • 2. England’s perspective: the purpose of having colonies was to extract resources, and expand trade.

  10. “Mad” King George III • Ruled Great Britain 1760-1820 • Not known for thinking decisions through…

  11. King George III • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhFKB036gyM

  12. Salutary Neglect • British Policy-Between 1690-1760 • Interfered very little in Colonial affairs • “a taste of freedom” for colonists

  13. Great Britain was In Debt… • After the French & Indian War • How Does a Government…Raise $ to pay off debts? • TAXES ! !

  14. Causes of American Revolution • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfnrdWYmZus

  15. Navigation Acts, 1650-1660’s • 1. Trade within the colonies only through British ships • 2. Sugar, Tobacco, & Indigo to be traded within British empire • 3. International trade -goods must first be shipped to Britain

  16. Molasses Act, 1733 • Enforced tax on molasses (sweetener) • Consequense: • Decline of rum industry in colonies • Decrease in trade • Disrupts colonial economy

  17. Writs of Assistance, 1760-1761 • Right to search: • Homes, warehouses, businesses • Without a warrant! • Meant to deter smuggling of goods

  18. Sugar Act, 1764 • Intended to pay off Britain’s national debt • “money for the crown” • Tax on : sugar, molasses, wine

  19. Quartering Act, 1765-1767 • Required colonial citizens to Provide Room & Board • For British Soldiers!

  20. Stamp Act, 1765 • Tax on : • ALL printed materials /paper goods • “Stamp” = tax has been paid  • “direct tax” – on goods produced within the colonies

  21. ISSUES RAISED: • 1. Does English King &Parliament have the right to tax the colonies? • 2. Can English King & Parliament truly reflect colonial interests?

  22. Colonial Reaction: Stamp Act Congress • Colonists outraged! • Stamp Act Congress – a series of meetings • Representatives of 9/13 colonies met in NY • Argued that British crown had no right to impose internal, direct tax • “no taxation w/o representation”

  23. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • Sons of liberty :sometimes violent protest group • Led By: Samuel Adams • Organized opposition to Stamp Act • “non importation movement”- boycott British goods

  24. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • 1. Propaganda (distribute pamphlets) • 2. Destroy “stamps” • 3. Boycott British goods • 4. Harass tax collectors & government officials (tar & feather)

  25. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos/sons-of-liberty

  26. King George III & British Parliament • Repealed (did away with) the Stamp Act in 1766

  27. Declaratory Act, 1766 • Revenge!! • Right of British crown • To tax the colonies in the future • Reminds colonists who their King is, and who ultimately has the power to make decisions for them

  28. Townshend Act, 1767 • Import taxes on : glass, paper, tea, lead, dyes for paint • Also known as the “ Revenue Act”

  29. Colonial Boston Hit the Hardest • Economy Suffered due to Sugar Act trade restrictions • Shipbuilding declines • Fires in 1760 • And TAXES…

  30. Colonial Reaction: Boston Massacre, 1770 • Colonists taunt British soldiers • Soldier fires into crowd • An accident? • How many people died? (guess by looking at the illustration) •  Paul Revere engraving

  31. “The Bloody Massacre” – Paul Revere, 1770

  32. Colonial Reaction: Boston Massacre, 1770 • 5-7 dead + 4 wounded • Seen as an abuse of authority • Soldiers sent to trial • “not guilty” • Sons of liberty use propaganda against British

  33. SGMHS East Coast Trip 2016

  34. TEA ACT, 1773 • Meant to save the East India Company from Bankruptcy • British Government Granted monopoly to Company • “cheap prices” undercut local merchants • Colonists refused to buy tea

  35. Colonial Reaction; Boston Tea Party, 1773 • 60 Colonists Dressed as Mohawks go to Boston Harbor , boarded ships • Threw 342 chests of tea overboard – protest Tea Act • A justified protest? Or vandalism?

  36. Boston Tea Party & Ship Museum • http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/museum • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sadrVBkrmjI • Q: What do you think about interactive museums such as this one? Would you like to visit the Boston Tea Party Ship & Museum?

  37. Boston Tea Party – Eyewitness Account -Why the Costume? • “It was now evening, and I immediately dressed myself in the costume of an Indian, equipped with a small hatchet, which I and my associates denominated the tomahawk, with which, and a club, after having painted my face and hands with coal dust in the shop of a blacksmith, I repaired to Griffin's wharf, where the ships lay that contained the tea. When I first appeared in the street after being thus disguised, I fell in with many who were dressed, equipped and painted as I was, and who fell in with me and marched in order to the place of our destination” – George Hewes

  38. British Response to Boston Tea Party • Coercive/Intolerable Acts, 1773: • Boston Harbor is closed • Boston Loses charter (right to self govern) • Martial Law established • Quartering act reinforced

  39. Video Clip : America the Story of Us 24:22

  40. Colonial Reaction; First Continental Congress, 1774 • Colonial Representatives … • 1. Urged colonies to build military reserves • 2. “Declaration of Rights & Grievances” sent to King of England • 3. Boycott committees • 4. Agree to meet again May 1775 if grievances had not been addressed by the crown

  41. Colonist Response- Storage of Weapons, 1775 • Colonists began to stockpile weapons in a warehouse in Concord, Massachusetts

  42. British Response; April 1775, Concord • New Massachusetts Governor • Sent 700 British soldiers • To Concord To destroy colonists’ weapons housed in warehouse

  43. “The British are Coming!” • Paul Revere ‘s famous midnight ride • sent from Boston • To warn Colonists that the “British are coming” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH12l5NdJlY

  44. Paul Revere Statue

  45. Why does PAUL REVERE GET ALL THE CREDIT? • 1. William Dawes – also participated in the mid night ride • 2. Samuel Prescott- also participated in the Midnight ride

  46. What About Sibyl Ludington’s Ride A Year Later (1777)? • Daughter of a Military leader • 16 years old • Sybil with her family received word that British troops had begun burning Danbury, Connecticut, only 25 miles away. • Sybil rode horse and warned colonists • Rode twice the distance as Paul Revere • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9UfrTLXYfM

  47. Public Monuments and Historical Memory

  48. The American War of Independence/Revolution Officially Begins, April 19 1775 • Colonists “blocked” British troops on their way to Concord • @ Lexington • 1st shot fired, IN 1775 • Lexington/Concord the 1st Battle of the American Revolution

  49. The American Colonists vs. The British • 1st Battle of the American Revolution: Lexington & Concord , 1775 • 1st shot fired –” the shot heard around the world”

  50. Lexington/Concord today…

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