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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Sumerian Civilization – 3000 BCE. Ziggurat. Capital City is UR. Religion is polytheistic and had a grim view of the afterlife Men were head of household, women had few legal rights Sumerian Advances Wagon Wheel Arches in building.

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

  2. Sumerian Civilization – 3000 BCE Ziggurat Capital City is UR

  3. Religion is polytheistic and had a grim view of the afterlife Men were head of household, women had few legal rights Sumerian Advances Wagon Wheel Arches in building 3. Cuneiform – Wedge shaped symbols 4. Sundial – 60 seconds in a 1 minute 5. Number system based on 60 6. 12 month calendar 7. Metal plow 8. Epic of Gilgamesh 9. 1st Umbrella Characteristics

  4. Akkadians • Located North of Sumer • 2340 BCE conquered Sumerians • Sargon I – ruled for 55 years. He united and expanded Mesopotamian culture and helped spread Sumerian achievements

  5. Babylonians – 1750 B.C. • King Hammurabi – conquered Sumerians and Akkadian • People sometimes described as Amorites • Created 1st Babylonian Empire • Hammurabi’s Code -uniform code of laws -written down – 282 specific laws “eye for an eye” type laws

  6. Hebrews – 1500 to 722 B.C. • Journeyed into Palestine around 1200 B.C. from the Arabian Desert • The Old Testament records their history • Maintained their independence for 500 years • Religion of the Hebrews is Monotheistic – belief in one God – Judaism • God is omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscient

  7. Solomon’s Temple

  8. Phoenicians – 1200 to 800 B.C. • The best sea traders of the ancient world • Founded cities in North Africa and Spain • Known for their Alphabet (22 letters) – English alphabet is a direct descendent • Traded cedar logs, textiles dyed in purple, glass objects, and jewelry

  9. Phoenician ABCs

  10. Phoenician Ships

  11. Hittites 1450 B.C. to 1200 B.C. • Fierce Fighters from the country of Turkey • Used iron weapons • Invented the chariot – 3 men per chariot • Wore their hair long with thick pigtails hung down their backs • Legal system – less harsh than Hammurabi

  12. Hittites

  13. Assyrians – 800 to 612 B.C. • One of the most lethal fighting forces • Fighting force was organized into foot soldiers, charioteers and fast moving cavalry • Burned cities and tortured and killed thousands • Had network of roads that connected empire • World’s largest cuneiform library • Their cruelty would earn them many enemies • King Sennacherib bragged that he destroyed 89 cities and 820 villages

  14. Assyrian Brutality

  15. Chaldeans – 616 to 539 B.C. • Known as the 2nd Babylonian Empire • Treated the Jewish Population horrible – enslaved the city’s population and exiled them to Babylonia • Predicted eclipses and the length of year • King Nebuchadnezzar built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon – one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World

  16. King Nebuchadnezzar

  17. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

  18. Babylonian Ziggurat

  19. Persians – 559 to 330 B.C. • Empire was founded the Cyrus the Great – treated conquered cities with kindness • Allowed Jews to return to their homeland • Darius I extended the empire and divided it into 20 provinces with a rule known as Satrap • Royal Road – 1,500 miles long – every 14 miles there were stations of food, rest, and horses – took only 7 days to travel the distance • “Eyes and Ears of the King” – royal spies

  20. Zoroastrianism • Zoroaster was a prophet with monotheisitic spiritual message • Ahuramazda was the only god (good god). Ahriman was the evil spirit • Had notions of heaven and hell • Each soul faced a final evaluation of its actions

  21. Persian Rulers

  22. Persepolis

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