Introduction to Cloud Computing

1. Introduction to Cloud Computing Zsolt Németh MTA SZTAKI

2. As it started

3. Gartner’s Hype Cycle on Emerging Technologies 2011

4. Current trends Cloud computing Grid Computing Distributed Computing

5. Gartner’s Hype Cycle on Emerging Technologies 2012

6. Concepts and definitions

7. Dreams and Concepts Pay-as-you-go Cost-effective Utility computing Self-service Easy access to resources Use available resources Improve resource utilisation Cut administration & maintenance Software as a service Power efficiency Reduced HW investments Reduced personnel cost

8. Driving forces: commerce • Strong industrial needs and driving forces • Improve resource utilisation • Use available resources efficiently • Save energy • Decrease cost • Consumer needs • Cost effectiveness • Easy access to resources • Pay-as-you-go • No initial investments • Self-service

9. Why Cloud?

10. The cloud is „something” • Provides services • Resources, applications, tools • Large-scale, heterogeneous, economic, mobile, green • Unaware where it is • Unaware what it is actually • Unaware how it is realized • Unaware of its size

11. Misconcepts • Always available • Infinite resources • High performance • Minimal costs • Green infrastructure • Scalability, elasticity • Accessible • These must be relatively assessed

13. Real characteristics • An economic model for resource • Provisioning • Management • Realizes utility computing • Elastic • Increased availability and reliability • Improved accessibility – ease of use • Reduced cost

14. Cloud characteristics K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.

15. Relation to other areas K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.

16. An “official” definition A 'cloud' is an elastic execution environment of resources involving multiple stakeholders and providing a metered service at multiple granularities for a specified level of quality (of service). L. Schubert, K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „The Future of Cloud Computing, Opportunities for European Cloud Computing beyond 2010”. Expert Group Report, 2010.

17. Another “official” definition • Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. P. Mell, T. Grance: “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, 2011

18. Essential characterisitcs

19. Essential chracteristics • On-demand self-service • A consumer can unilaterally provision • computing capabilities • server time • network storage • as needed, automatically without human interaction

20. Essential chracteristics • Broad network access • Capabilities are available over the network • accessed through standard mechanisms • by heterogeneous client platforms • mobile phones • Tablets • Laptops • workstations

21. Essential chracteristics • Resource pooling • The provider’s resources (storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth) are pooled • serve multiple consumers • multi-tenant model • physical and virtual resources • dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand • location independence • but may specify location at a higher level of abstraction

22. Essential chracteristics • Rapid elasticity • Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released • in some cases automatically • scale rapidly with demand • appear to be unlimited

23. Essential chracteristics • Measured service • control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability • Resource usage • Monitored • Controlled • Reported • providing transparency for both the provider and consumer.

24. Service models

25. Service models: SaaS • Software as a Service (SaaS) • The provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. • Accessible from various client devices • thin client interface, such as a web browser • program interface • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud or even individual application capabilities

26. Software as a Service L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

27. Service models: PaaS • Platform as a Service (PaaS). • Deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications • created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but • has control over the deployed applications

28. Platform as a Service L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

29. Service models: IaaS • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources • the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, operating systems and applications. • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but • has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications

30. Infrastructure as a Service L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

31. Infrastructure as a Service PaaS IaaS L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

32. Virtualisation • Simulation of the hardware and software environment in which other software runs • Simulated environment = virtual machine (VM) • Coupling between the physical layer and the guest OS = hypervisor, virtual machine monitor • Controls flow of instructions • Partitions resources • Isolates guest OSs • Provides the interface of a real physical hardware machine • Guest OS + applications encapsulated = image

33. Virtualisation Darryl Chantry: Mapping Applications to the Cloud. Microsoft Corporation, 2009

34. Deployment models

35. Deployment models • Private cloud • The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization • comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units)

36. Private cloud L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

37. Deployment models • Community cloud • The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations)

38. Community cloud L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

39. Deployment models • Public cloud • The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public

40. Public cloud L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012

41. Deployment models • Hybrid cloud • The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) • remain unique entities • bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability

42. What next…

43. You will learn • IaaS middleware in-depth: OpenNebula • OpenNebula hands-on • Cooperation of multiple clouds • Cloud bursting • Cloud federations • Multi-clouds • Cloud and grid interoperation • CloudBroker hands-on

45. References M. Armburst, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A.D. Joseph, R. Katz, A. Kowinski, G. Lee, D. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, M. Zaharia: “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”. White paper, 2009 K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012. P. Mell, T. Grance: “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, 2011 L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012 L. Schubert, K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „The Future of Cloud Computing, Opportunities for European Cloud Computing beyond 2010”. Expert Group Report, 2010.