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Cycles in Nature

Cycles in Nature. Chapter 2 Section 1 The Cycles of Matter. The Cycles of Matter. 1. What is matter? Anything that takes up space and has mass Used over and over again 2. How old is the matter in your body? It has been on Earth since it was formed billions of years ago. Water Cycle.

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Cycles in Nature

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  1. Cycles in Nature Chapter 2 Section 1 The Cycles of Matter

  2. The Cycles of Matter • 1. What is matter? • Anything that takes up space and has mass • Used over and over again • 2. How old is the matter in your body? • It has been on Earth since it was formed billions of years ago

  3. Water Cycle • Movement of water among oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things

  4. Water Cycle • 1. Precipitation • Happens when water moves from the atmosphere to land and oceans Rain, snow, sleet , and hail

  5. Water Cycle • 2. Evaporation • The sun’s heat causes water to change from liquid to vapor

  6. Water Cycle • 3. Condensation • When water vapor cools it forms a liquid that can fall back to Earth as precipitation

  7. Water Cycle • 4. Ground Water • A. Water that is found underground and stored in caverns or porous rock • B. May stay in the ground for hundreds or thousands of years • C. Provides water to soil, streams, rivers, and oceans

  8. Water Cycle • 5. Transpiration • A. Plants move water vapor into the atmosphere • B. Plants do this by releasing water vapor through tiny openings in their leaves

  9. Water and Life • A. Our body is made up of 70% water • B. Water carries waste away from our body tissues • C. Water helps regulate body temperature through perspiration “sweating” and evaporation • This way of returning water to the environment is called- transpiration

  10. Bell Work • Draw the water cycle in your science notebook or science binder • Include in your drawing pictures and explanations for the process • Your drawing should include • Evaporation • Condensation • Precipitation • Transpiration • Groundwater • Sun • Tree • Clouds

  11. Bell Work • What process in the water cycle changes water from a liquid to water vapor (gas)? • What process in the water cycle changes water from a gas to a liquid?

  12. What is GOOD about Carbon? What is BAD about Carbon? Carbon

  13. Carbon Cycle • Carbon • All living things need carbon because it is part of all biological molecules (fats, sugars, proteins) • Carbon Cycle • Movement of carbon from the environment into living things and back to the environment

  14. 1. Photosynthesis A. How carbon cycles from the environment into living things B. Plants use CO2from the air to make sugars (or their own food) C. Animals get carbon they need from eating plants Carbon Cycle

  15. 2. Cellular Respiration A. How carbon returns to the environment from livingthings B. Living things break down sugar molecules to release energy C. During this process, CO2 and water are released Carbon Cycle

  16. Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Equations Photosynthesis (process of changing light energy into chemical energy) Sunlight+CO2+water (produces) glucose+O2 Cellular Respiration (process when cells break down food to get energy) Glucose+O2 (produces) Energy+CO2+water

  17. Bell Work • Name the process in the carbon cycle where carbon is moved from the environment into living things? • Hint (What process uses carbon dioxide (CO2)?

  18. 3. Decomposition A. Break down of dead material into CO2 and H2O B. When fungi and bacteria decompose organic matter, they return CO2 to the environment Carbon Cycle

  19. 4. Combustion A. Process of burning fossil fuels B. Fossil fuels-materials that are slowly formed underground from the remains of plants and animals that died million of years ago Carbon Cycle

  20. Carbon Cycle (combustion cont.) • C. Carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas return to atmosphere as CO2 when these fossil fuels are burned • D. Combustion provides the fuel people need to drive cars, heat homes, and make electricity • E. Deforestation-removal of forests

  21. Carbon Cycle Practice Quiz • Demo/Quiz

  22. How has Carbon Dioxide levels changed in the atmosphere? • A. CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the burning of more fossil fuels • B. Many scientists believe that extra CO2 from fossil fuels is adding to global warming

  23. Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere

  24. Carbon Cycle • Draw the carbon cycle in your science notebook or science binder • Include in your drawing pictures and explanations for the process • Your drawing should include: Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Decomposition Combustion Tree or plants Animals Fossil fuels Use of fossil fuels Deforestation

  25. Quiz Review • 1. Where does most of Earth’s precipitation fall? • 2. What is the process where sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water is used to make glucose? • 3. What is the process where glucose is broken down for energy and carbon dioxide is released?

  26. Quiz Review • 4. What are fossil fuels? Name 3 examples. • 5. Name 3 ways carbon dioxide is transferred from living things into the environment? • 6. What is the water cycle process where liquid water returns to the atmosphere?

  27. Quiz Review • 7. What is the process called when water vapor cools? And what is formed? • 8. What is deforestation? • 9. What is released during decomposition? • 10. Where is carbon found?

  28. The movement of nitrogen from the environment to living things and back again Nitrogen Cycle

  29. A. 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas (N2) B. Most organisms can not use the nitrogen in the air they breathe C. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins How do living things get nitrogen? A.Nitrogenfixation-whenbacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into a formed that can be used by plants B. Most animals get their nitrogen they need from eating plants Nitrogen Cycle

  30. D. Animal wastes return nitrogen back to the soil and plants use this nitrogen E. When plant or animals die, decomposers break down the remains and nitrogen recycles back into the soil Nitrogen Cycle

  31. Nitrogen Cycle • How does nitrogen get from the soil back into the atmosphere? • Denitrification-totake nitrogen out of the soil and change it to nitrogen gas that is released into the atmosphere • Denitrifying bacteria produce nitrogen gas as a waste that is released in the atmosphere and completes the cycle

  32. How is this fungi important to the carbon cycle? Fungi

  33. Why is this farmer spreading manure on the field? Explain the importance of this procedure in the nitrogen cycle? Manure (animal waste)

  34. 1. Why do we need nitrogen? 2. What is the process when bacteria change nitrogen into a usable form that can be used by plants? 3. What is the process when bacteria take nitrogen out of the soil and change it to a gas that is released in the atmosphere? Bell Work

  35. Ammonia NH3

  36. Question 21

  37. Review (pages 42-43 in text book) • Answer • 1-3, 6-7, 9-12 • 14 • 19 • 24-25

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