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Djillali Benouar Built Environment Research Laboratory USTHB, Algeria

THE NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR CITIES IN NORTH AFRICA: CASE STUDY OF ALGIERS (ALGERIA). Djillali Benouar Built Environment Research Laboratory USTHB, Algeria. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION.

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Djillali Benouar Built Environment Research Laboratory USTHB, Algeria

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  1. THE NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR CITIES IN NORTH AFRICA:CASE STUDY OF ALGIERS (ALGERIA) Djillali Benouar Built Environment Research Laboratory USTHB, Algeria NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  2. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ALGIERS MOST IMPORTANT ZONE IN TERMS OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY. IT COUNTS MORE THAN 735 INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. MAIN POLLUTING INDUSTRY ACTIVITY IS LOCATED IN THE INDUSTRIAL ZONES OF GUE DE CONSTANTINE (8 KM OF CITY CENTER), EL-HARRACH (11), OUED SMAR (15) AND ROUIBA (27) NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  3. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CAUSE OF HYDRIC, ATMOSPHERIC AND SOIL POLLUTION AND PRODUCES DANGEROUS AND TOXIC WASTES WHICH EXPOSES ALGIERS TO DIFFICULT PROBLEMS IN TERMS OF MANAGEMENT NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  4. MAIN SOURCES: • * ROAD TRAFFIC VERY HIGH • * POLLUTING WASTES FROM INDUSTRIES • COMBUSTION OF WASTES IN RUBBISH DAMP IN OUED SMAR • ALGIERS COUNTS 560 000 VEHICULES IN ALL CATEGORIES WITH A ROAD TRAFFIC OF 1500 TO 2000 VEH./HOUR WHICH GIVE OUT MORE THAN 180 TONS OF LEAD/YEAR IN THE STREETS OF ALGIERS • RAIS HAMIDOU CEMENT FACTORY WITHIN THE CITY PRODUCES 750 000 T/CEMENT/YEAR GIVES OUT ABOUT 30T OF DUST/DAY ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  5. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION OTHER INDUSTRIES ARE: * OIL REFINERIES * DOMESTIC OIL INDUSTRY * PAINTING INDUSTRY * TOBACCO INDUSTRY * CAR BATTERY INDUSTRY NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  6. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION • PUBLIC RUBBISH DUMP IN OUED SMAR • COMBUSTION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF REFUSES AND WASTES CAUSES EMANATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF GAS (CH4, NH7, CO2). • IN ALGIERS: • HOUSEHOLDS: 700 000 TONS/YEAR • INDUSTRIAL WASTES: 900 000 TONS/YEAR NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  7. HYDRIC POLLUTION • SHALLOW WATERS • POLLUTION OF SHALLOW WATERS CAUSED MAINLY BY INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS, TOTAL QUANTITY ESTIMATED AT 60 000 M3/DAY THROWN IN OUED EL-HARRACH • DEEP WATERS:POLLUTED MAINLY BY HYDROCARBONS AND PESTICIDS • MARINE POLLUTION • MOST WASTE WATER FROM HOUSEHOLDS AND INDUSTRY IS POURED IN THE SEA WITHOUT ANY TREATMENT NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  8. SOIL POLLUTION SOIL POLLUTION COMES FROM FROM MASSIVE USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDS AND SOLID WASTES, SEWAGE, ETC NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  9. DEFORESTATION • FORESTS ARE LOST BY: • ANARCHISTIC URBANISATION • FOREST FIRES • ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION (Cement Plant, Road Trafic, etc.) NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  10. FLOODS ANARCHISTIC AND RAPID URBANISATION IS A MAJOR FACTOR IN THE INCREASE OF FLOODS. INAPPROPRIATE HOUSING ON RIVER BANKS OR NEAR DELTA IS A MAJOR CONCERN. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  11. FLASH FLOODS FLASH FLOODS IS A GROWING CONCERN DUE TO CONCRETE WHICH ABSORBS LITTLE WATER, THE DECLINE OF OPEN SPACES, ENGINEERING WORKS THAT DIVERT RIVER FLOWS AND WEAK CITY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (NEGLECT, LACK OF MAINTENANCE). NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  12. ALGIERS FLOOD AND MUDFLOWOF 10 NOVEMBER 2001 • CAUSED 712 HUMAN LIVES LOST, 350 INJURED, 116 MISSING, 1800 HOUSING UNITS SUFFERED DAMAGE, 56 SCHOOLS, SCORES OF BRIDGES, ROADS, PUBLIC WORKS WERE DAMAGED. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  13. ALGIERS FLOOD AND MUDFLOWOF 10 NOVEMBER 2001 • 1 000 000 M3 (UP TO 10 M THICK) OF MUD IN THE STREETS OF BAB EL OUED, MORE THAN 350 VEHICULES (CARS, TRUCKS AND BUSES) WITH PASSENGERS BURIED UNDER MUD. • PRELIMINARY COST U.S.$ 250 000 000. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  14. ALGIERS FLOOD AND MUDFLOWOF 10 NOVEMBER 2001 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  15. ALGIERS FLOOD AND MUDFLOWOF 10 NOVEMBER 2001 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  16. ALGIERS FLOOD AND MUDFLOWOF 10 NOVEMBER 2001 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  17. LANDSLIDES • ROCKS AND SOIL SLIDING RAPIDLY DOWNHILL. MUDFLOWS AND ROCKFALLS TRIGGERED BY EARTHQUAKES, STORMS, WATER LOGGED SOIL AND HEAVY CONSTRUCTIONS. • GROWING AMOUNTS OF BADLY BUILT HOUSING ON/BELOW STEEP SLOPES, ON CLIFFS, OR AT RIVER MOUTHS OF MOUNTAIN VALLEY. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  18. LANDSLIDES NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  19. LANDSLIDES NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  20. EARTHQUAKES ALGIERS, DENSELY BUILT, DENSELY POPULATED CITY LOCATED ON SEISMIC ZONE. HIGH SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ENVIRONMENT. THE CITY SUFFERED SEVERAL DAMAGING EARTHQUAKES IN THE PAST. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  21. EARTHQUAKE ZONATION MAP NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  22. ALGIERS EARTHQUAKE 21 MAY 2003 Ms 6.8 2278 dead 11450 injured 1241?missing 182 000 homeless 19000 houses destroyed 5 B.USD direct losses NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  23. ALGIERS EARTHQUAKE 21 MAY 2003 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  24. ALGIERS EARTHQUAKE 21 MAY 2003 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  25. ALGIERS EARTHQUAKE 21 MAY 2003 NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  26. CONCLUSIONS DECISION-MAKERS NEED ADEQUATE INTEGRATED INFORMATION ON THE LIKELY (PROBABILITIES) INTENSITY OF THE DISASTER THE CITY WILL FACE IF THEY ARE TO REDUCE DISASTER VULNERABILITY. THIS RESEARCH SHOWS THE NEED OF AN INTEGRATED AND COORDINATED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN MEGACITIES. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  27. AN INTEGRATED DISASTER RESEARCH AND COORDINATING MANAGEMENT AGENCY IN THE ALGERIAN GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE FUNDAMENTAL MEANS WHICH SHOULD GUIDE OFFICIALS AT THE LOCAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS IN THE FORMULATION OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN DISASTER PRONE-REGIONS, LAND USE MANAGEMENT, CITY PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT OR REVISION OF BUILDING REGULATIONS, MATERIALS NORMS, SITING NEW CRITICAL ENGINEERING PROJECTS AS WELL AS DECISION-MAKING POLICIES TO STIMULATE AND FACILITATE THE EFFORTS OF THE DISASTER RISKREDUCTION AND RESPONSE COMMUNITIES TO TAKE SPECIFIC PRACTICAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  28. NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  29. RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT IN ALGIERS INTEGRATED HAZARD MAPPING: NATURAL HAZARD (GROUND, SURFACE, HYDRO/ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS), CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOACTIVE, EXPLOSIVE, COMBUSTIBLE ACCUMULATIONS. INFORMATION OF RELATED PAST DISASTERS • URBAN VULNERABILITIES ANALYSES OF ALL ELEMENTS AT RISK CONTINGENCY PLANNING UPDATING URBAN DEV. PLAN • ACTION PLAN AREAS (LAND USE CHANGES, TEMP-PARTIAL REMOVALS/VACATING, LOWERING DENSITIES, BLDG RETROFIT/DEMOLOTION, CONTINUITY IN OPEN AREAS, IMPROVING ROAD SYSTEM, PARKING, EMERGENCY SCENARIOS (FOR SYSTEMS/ BUILDINGS/ POPULATION) NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

  30. MANY THANKS NEPAD- SOUTH AFRICA 2-4 JUNE 2004

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