Intelligence and Mental Abilities

1. Intelligence and Mental Abilities You have to do the best with what God gave you. 

2. What is Intelligence?

3. What is Intelligence? • It is a concept and not a “thing.” • It is socially constructed from cultures. • Defined: • mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

4. What is your intelligence?

6. Charles Spearman • Believed we have ONE general (g) intelligence. • Developed a factor analysis. • statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test. • Those who score high in one area will typically score high in other areas (i.e. verbal intelligence, spatial or reasoning).

7. L.L. Thurstone • Opposed Spearman. • Identified Seven Clusters • Word fluency • verbal comprehension • spatial ability • perceptual speed • numerical ability • inductive reasoning • memory • Challenged by other researchers because research was inclusive.

8. Theories of Multiple Intelligence • Howard Gardner • Robert Sternberg

9. Howard Gardner • Intelligence comes in packages. • Studied people with diminished or exceptional abilities. • Savant syndrome • Eight intelligences

13. Success = • Talent • + Grit

14. Robert Sternberg • Agrees there are multiple intelligences. • Three • Analytical (academic-problem solving) intelligence. • Assessed by IQ testing • Creative intelligence • Reacting to situations. • Practical intelligence • Everyday tasks

16. Another type of intelligence… • Emotional • Related to Gardner’s concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal. • Four major aspects: • The ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and appropriately. • The ability to use emotions while thinking. • The ability to understand emotions and use the knowledge effectively. • The ability to regulate one’s emotions to promote personal growth.

17. How Do We Assess Intelligence?

18. “The Republic” • “...no two persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from the other in natural endowments, one being suited for one occupation and the other for another.”

19. The Modern Intelligence-Testing Movement

20. The Creators • Alfred Binet • 1904, Paris. • Partner: Théodore Simon • School determination. • Based on age (mental age). • Purpose: ID children who needed attention. • Feared that it would be used to label children.

21. Stanford-Binet • Lewis Terman • 1916, Stanford. • Increased to teenangers/adults. • Based on IQ.

22. IQ Test • William Stern • Derived the formula. • Used by Terman. • Average IQ = 100 Mental Age IQ = x 100 Chronological Age

23. Today • Tests represent the test-taker’s performance relative to the average performance of others the same age.

24. Discrimination

25. Modern Testing of Mental Abilities • Achievement Test • Intended to reflect what you’ve learned • Example: AHSGE, AP Exams • Aptitude Test • Intended to predict your ability to learn new skills. • Example: ACT, SAT, GRE

26. Most Popular IQ Test • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale • 11 subtests broken into verbal and performance areas. • Separate scores. • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

27. Principles of Test Construction • Must meet three criteria: • Standardized • taken overtime to develop a comparison that becomes meaningful. • Reliable • yielding dependable testing scores. • retesting. • Valid • the extent to which the test measures or predicts what it promises. • content validity • predictive validity

28. www.begent.org/intelquiz.htm • www.alliqtest.com/tests/2/2 • www.alliqtests.com