Mission to the Moon Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

1. Mission to the Moon Recent Developments and Future Perspectives Hartmut Müller TB 91 Bremen, 22.03.2005

2. Development of Exploration Missions Human mission Clementine SMART Sample return - 1 APOLLO LUNA Lander 1 to 24 MER SURVEYOR Spirit & Opportunity Mars Orbiter Express Mars Pathfinder by - FLY PHOBOS 1&2 Mars global surveyor MARS 4 to 7 USA missions VIKING Russian missions European missions F. Bonnefond TE 72 History of Space Exploration indicates trend via Moon to other planets and bodies

3. Human element of First Human Mission Entry Vehicle Demonstrator (EVD) Precursor for Step 3 Human Mission Rehearsal 2 Advanced ExoMars Mars Sample Return (MSR) Lunar Mission ? 2026 2028 2012 2011 2033 2030 2024 2018 2016 2013 2009 2007 2022 ExoMars Advanced Mars Sample Return & ISRU mission Cargo element of First Human Mission Precursor for Step 2 Habitability Demonstrator Human Mission Rehearsal 1 The European Roadmap & Aerocapture Demonstrator

4. The US Roadmap

5. Long Term Exploration Scenario Via ISS Experience to Moon and Mars

6. Long Term Exploration Scenario

7. Why to Moon first? It‘s our neighbour It’s visible Technically feasible and affordable Stepwise approach – near term relevance There is a Demand Moon provides a natural platform for Science (Astronomy/Astrophysics, Geology/ Geophysics/Geochemistry, Physics of the Sun and Life Science) and may build a Cornerstone within Mission to Mars Visible Symbol of European capabilities – lighthouse project Chances for European leadership in science and technology and autonomous access to Space based infrastructure Perspective and motivation of young people and pacemaker for European science and technology

8. Lunar Infrastructure for Exploration (LIFE) The Scientific Demand • Lunar far side is permanently free of radio interferences from Earth (quiet zone) • During the 2 weeks of Lunar night avoidance of distracting radiations from the Sun. The Mission • Low frequency radio telescope • Implemented as an array of antennas • Maintenance and upgrade is possible • Stepwise extension

9. Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 an beyond) EUROPEAN LUNAR OBSERVATORY (A) tele-operated astronomical observatory, temporarily manned • Main requirements (for astronomical research) • No RF interferences • Low intensity ionosphere • No atmosphere, no orbital debris • Main tasks • Low frequency radio astronomy • Infrared astronomy • UV astronomy • Planetary defence (focus on detection) • Exploration (physics of the sun, geology, etc.) • Crater Daedalus on the Lunar Farside • located at 179° East, 5.5°South. • diameter of 80 km

10. Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 an beyond) ISAAC NEWTON LUNAR BASE (B)manned home base for lunar explorations • Main requirements (for manned exploration) • Self preservative base • Easy and safe transportation to/from Moon • Main tasks • Provide life saving functionalities • Provide (surface) mobility • Provide communications • Use of lunar construction material • Utilisation of lunar resources

11. Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 and beyond) EUROPEAN LUNAR OBSERVATORY (A) (far side, near to the equator, Daedalus Crater ISAAC NEWTON LUNAR BASE (B) near side, between equator and south pole Expedition to South Pole DA VINCI LUNAR SOUTH POLE STATION (C) near to the South Pole, peak of eternity A B C

12. LIFE – First Approach towards a Programmatic Human Missions to Moon Automated Missions Long term Perspective Lunar Colony Permanent Human Base Mission to Moon Application: Astronomy Human tended far side astronomy base Human exploration missions to south pole Near side permanent crewed base Human tended Base Semi automatic Installation of complete System And S&M over very long Distances (7000km) Robotic Presence Automatic Installation over long Distance Establishment of Autom. Outpost Second Set of Dipoles Robotic Installation First Set of Dipoles Near Equator (Pre Cursor) 2050 2040 2020 2030 2010 Phase 1: Mission to Equator (Enabling Telecommunication to terrestrial Ground Station) First Set of Dipoles (Order of Magnitude: 10 to 30) Automatic Distribution (Dispenser, automatic Orientation, Data Transfer via Cable) Purpose of Mission: - Pre Cursor - Establishment of core Element for LIFE - Verification of standardized Mission Elements for next Phases - Initial operation of LIFE

13. LUNAR VISION KEY ISSUES OF EUROPEAN LUNAR PROGRAM • Sustainability • Continuity • Permanence GO TO THE MOON AND STAY ON THE MOON

14. Thank you for your Attention

15. If we look to the life cycle of our products her at EADS ST, one detect very soon, that our products show a life cycle of 30 – 40 years or more. So, if we start with development of new products, we have to think about their application and their markets in 30 or 40years from now. For this reason we established a working group at EADS ST dealing with long term Perspectives of Space Travel. In this context we are analysing different scenarios – from Space Tourism until Exploration Missions – always targeted to identify potential applications for Space Infrastructure beyond the classic application of telecommuication or micro gravity Research. This is why we look for a close relationship to potential users from very early onwards. And this is why we invited you to this workshop to evaluate together with you the scientific potentails of lunar infrastructures The purpose of this presentation is to give a global overview our idea of future space Inrastructure as plattform for scientific purpose As starting point for the discussion of: What is really needed? But if we talk about moon, we also have to consider the Space exploration environment, in which the case for moon is to be discussed