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Delve into the tumultuous events and key figures of the 1960s, from civil rights movements to technological advancements, in this educational tournament exploring a transformative era.
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Junior/Senior DivisionClassic Theme Round America and the World in the Stormy Sixties January 1, 1960 – December 31, 1969 2014-2015 Local Tournament Questions
1. Domestic Events – Judicial Activism (Jr/Sr only) In Sherbert v. Verner, AdellSherbert was discharged from her South Carolina employer because she would not work on Saturday, which was the Sabbath Day of her faith. She sought unemployment benefits because she was unable to find work in her field that did not include working on Saturdays. The U.S. Supreme Court held that South Carolina could not deny unemployment benefits solely because she refused Saturday employment due to her religious beliefs. What church did Ms. Sherbert belong to? A. Roman Catholic B. Seventh Day Adventist C. Jehovah’s Witness D. Scientologist
2. Foreign Affairs (Jr/Sr only) The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a social-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 until 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve 'true' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalism and traditional elements from Chinese society, and by re-imposing this Communist leader’s thinking as the dominant ideology within the Party. The movement paralyzed China politically and significantly affected the country economically and socially. Who was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China that set this revolution into motion? A. Lin Biao B. Deng Xiaoping C. Jiang Qing D. Mao Zedong
3. Science and Technology On April 19, 1967, Surveyor 3 landed on the moon and succeeded in digging a trench. What final question was answered by Surveyor 3, leading eventually to manned spacecraft landing on the moon? A. Whether the moon could support the weight of a lunar lander B. Whether the moon had an atmosphere C. Whether the moon’s reflective surface would interfere with the solar panels D. Whether a lunar lander could take off from the moon
4. Domestic Events – Judicial Activism (Jr/Sr only) In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, a New York newspaper published an ‘editorial’ advertisement communicating information, expressing opinion, reciting grievances, protesting claimed abuses, and seeking financial support on behalf of the civil rights right-to-vote movement and student movement. An elected commissioner of the City of Montgomery, Alabama, brought a civil libel action against the publisher of the newspaper and against certain clergymen whose names appeared in the advertisement. In reversing an Alabama court’s judgment on a verdict awarding $500,000 to the plaintiff, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Alabama courts failed to provide safeguards for freedom of speech and of the press that are required by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. For whose legal defense was the editorial advertisement seeking financial support? A. Ralph Abernathy B. Malcolm X C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. Robert Kennedy
5. Science and Technology In the 1960s, this company introduced the first successful minicomputer, the 12-bit PDP-8, which cost about $16,000. Which company introduced it? A. IBM B. Digital Equipment Company C. Hewlett Packard D. Apple
6. Foreign Affairs The Second Vatican Council addressed relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the modern world. Opening under the Pontificate of Pope John XXIII in October 1962, how many of those who took part in the council’s opening session subsequently became popes? A. None B. Two C. Four D. Five
7. Domestic Events – Judicial Activism (Jr/Sr only) In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the 6th Amendment to the federal constitution, which protects an accused’s right to counsel for his criminal defense, applied to the states under another provision of the federal constitution. Which other provision makes the 6th Amendment apply to the states? A. The 1st Amendment’s establishment clause B. The 4th Amendment’s prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures C. The 8th Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment D. The 14th Amendment’s due process clause
8. Domestic Events – Judicial Activism (Jr/Sr only) The 1960s were a period of judicial activism, particularly by the U.S. Supreme Court. This man served as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court for most of the decade of the 1960s. A former attorney general of the state of California, he was the moving force behind Japanese internment during World War II. His views later changed, as he regretted his role in the compulsory removal of 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps without any charges or due process. As Chief Justice, he was considered a judicial activist, believing that the judiciary must seek to do justice. Who is he? A. Warren Berger B. Earl Warren C. Thurgood Marshall D. William O. Douglas
9. Domestic Events President Kennedy was concerned that a rise in steel prices could threaten overall price stability in the American economy. So, in 1961, he sent letters to the Steelworkers Union and the American steel companies asking them not to raise prices and seeking their cooperation in negotiating a reasonable wage increase. The Union agreed not to increase wages. Unfortunately, in 1962, the steel companies announced that they were raising steel prices anyway. Which of the following tactics did President Kennedy employ to pressure the steel companies to rescind their price increases? A. He had the steel companies’ executives arrested for fraud. B. He gave a lucrative steel contract for submarines to a steel company that did not raise its prices. C. He broke up the US Steel Trust. D. He raised tariffs on imported steel.
10. Pop Culture At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, American runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos won gold and bronze in the 200-meter race. However, they were expelled from the rest of the games because of what they did during their medal ceremony. What did they do? A. Refused to wear the US uniform B. Refused to accept their medals C. Turned their backs on the American flag D. Raised their fists in the Black Power salute
11. Foreign Affairs Nikita Khrushchev is frequently still characterized today for his actions of protest at the United Nations over a speech condemning Soviet colonialism in Eastern Europe. What were his actions? A. Staging a sit-in B. Pounding the desk with his shoe C. A filibuster lasting 24 hours D. A hunger strike
12. Science and Technology In the field of astronomy, what did Dr. Frank Drake search for in project Ozma, named for the princess in the Land of Oz? A. The ability to view pulsars B. Life on other planets C. The Big Bang D. Quasars