Energy Balance and Body Composition

1. Energy Balance and Body Composition Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute

2. Energy Balance

3. Food Composition • Bomb calorimeter-too much?

4. Food Composition • Direct calorimetry (heat release) vs. indirect calorimetry (O2 consumed) • Physiological fuel value-what the body gets out of food. Value is lower than that measured by “the bomb.”

5. Food Intake

6. Food Intake • Sustaining satiation and satiety • lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcalories

7. Food Intake • Hypothalamus • Neuropeptide Y-chemical compound that stimulateds appetite, increases fat storage*, decreases energy expenditure. *Leptin: signals body to stop eating, stop storing fat and increase energy expenditure.

8. Thermogenesis • Basal thermogenesis (heat)-a measure of body’s energy expenditure! • Exercise-induced thermogenesis • Diet-induced thermogenesis • Adaptive thermogenesis

9. Components of Energy Expenditure

10. Components of Energy Expenditure • Basal metabolism-metabolic expendature during basic life processes. • Basal metabolic rate (BMR)-metabolic rate at rest following sleep (no food). (males = 1 kcal/min, women = 0.8 kcal/min) • Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

12. Components of Energy Expenditure

15. Running~14.1 kcal/min @ 7.5 mph

16. Sex burns >300 kcal/hr….if your doing it right!

17. REMOVING HER CLOTHES:   With her consent........................ 12 Calories   Without it..................................187 Calories   OPENING HER BRA:   With both hands........................ 8 Calories   With one hand.......................... 12 Calories   With your teeth........................ 85 Calories   PUTTING ON A CONDOM:   With an erection.............................. 6 Calories   Without an erection.................... 315 Calories   POSITIONS:   Missionary................................... 12 Calories   Wheelbarrow............................ 216 Calories   Doggy Style............................... 326 Calories   Italian chandelier..................... 912 Calories

18. ORGASMING:   Real................................... 112 Calories   False.................................. 315 Calories   POST ORGASM:   Lying in bed hugging................... 18 Calories   Getting up immediately................. 36 Calories explaining why you got out of bed immediately................ 816 Calories   GETTING A SECOND ERECTION:   20-29 years old......................36 Calories   30-39 years............................ 80 Calories   40-49 years............................ 124 Calories   50-59 years............................ 972 Calories   60-69 years............................ 2916 Calories   70 and over............................ Still awaiting results!   DRESSING UP AFTERWARDS:   Calmly................................. 32 Calories   In a hurry............................. 98 Calories   With her father knocking at the door... 1218 Calories   With your wife knocking at the door.... 3521 Calories!

19. Components of Energy Expenditure • Thermic effect of food (TEF)-heat created by food digestion. • Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)-heat gained from eating warm (hot) food.

20. Estimating Energy Requirements • Gender • Growth • Age

21. Estimating Energy Requirements • Physical activity • Body composition • Body size

22. Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health • Body composition: What is your’s? • Body weight =fat + lean tissue (including water)

23. The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America Defining Healthy Body Weight

26. Defining Healthy Body Weight • The criterion of health • Body mass index (BMI) =weight (kg)/height (m)2

27. BMI Values Used to Assess Weight

28. Mike O’Hearn (Mr. Universe, 1997) Height: 6’3’’ Weight: 245 BMI = 31 Too fat?? Clearly not!

29. Michelle Gutierrez (Ms. September, 2005) Height: 5’3’’ Weight: 112 lbs. (on a bad day) BMI = 19 Too much...?? Again...likely not!

30. Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults

31. Body Fat and Its Distribution

32. Body Fat and Its Distribution • Some people need less body fat. • Some people need more body fat

33. Body Fat and Its Distribution • Fat distribution • Intra-abdominal fat (fat around organs) • Central obesity (upper-body fat)

35. Body Fat and Its Distribution • Waist circumference ”If it’s anything over 35 inches, it’s too much!

36. Methods Used to Assess Body Fat

37. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat • Health risks of underweight • Health risks of overweight

38. BMI and Mortality

39. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat • Cardiovascular disease • Diabetes

40. Cancer • Fat and fit versus sedentary and slim Jennifer Portnick, aerobics instructor

41. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again • The claims and truths of diet fads

44. ATKIN’S • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets • The diet’s appeal

45. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets • Don’t count kcalories • Satisfy (ies) hunger • Follow a plan (no decision) • Limit choices (boring!)

46. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets • Too much fat • Too much protein • Too little everything else • The body’s perspective