Steps towards the development of green dredging technology

1. Steps towards the development of green dredging technology 3 October 2008 Henk van Muijen MTI Holland BV

2. The way to development of green, sustainable dredging technology • What is sustainability? • What does this mean for IHC Merwede? • How can we develop sustainable dredging technology?

3. Background Growing awareness of the effects human activities in the ecosystems, • Increasingly demanding legislation on • Materials and production • Energy use and emissions • Operations (precision, turbidity, lubricants, noise) • IHC Merwede feels responsibility for: • Sustainable design and production of equipment • That allows sustainable dredging

4. Our understanding of sustainability • Brundtland definiton as basis: • “provide the needs of the present generations without compromising the capability of the future generations to meet their needs” • Dynamic interaction among all fields • External and internal driving forces act in a synergic way to create new sustainable business opportunities • Learning process (not static) • Essential to include all stakeholders in a participative way

5. What it means for IHC Merwede Focus on products, dredging process is the boundary for input/feedback Define and implement a Sustainability Strategy Awareness growth within company Re-thing design, production, maintenance and recycling according to sustainability principles SCR initiatives, assess secondary processes (office) Intensive cooperation with all stakeholders

6. How we do: “Sustainability and Dredging” • Long-term research program • Cooperation with all stakeholders • Multidisciplinary approach • Consulting experts (internal and external) • Participation in the EcoShape: Building with Nature program Pilot projects / demo-models / prototypes Design guidelines / decision support tools

7. State-of-the art Many efforts in the direction of sustainability have been already taken. Some examples are: Better cutting tools submerged pumps (high density dredging) High efficiency pumps Environmental dredging

8. State-of-the art Improved hopper sedimentation Automation and control

9. State-of-the art Optimised hull design Conventional hull design

10. Paradigm shift vs incremental steps Sustainable solutions require fundamental re-thinking, but also incremental steps for the short term solutions. On the light of sustainability principles and guidelines “Re-invent the way we invent things” ( M.Braungart & W. McDonough, Cradle to Cradle)

11. Paradigm shift Seminar held in April, with a variety of participants and varied program

12. Paradigm shift From the seminar the main directions for increased sustainability: • Turbidity control • Energy emissions • Sustainable equipment and production

13. Turbidity control • Precise dredging • Understanding and controlling factors that influence re-suspension • Further develop high density dredging • Control overflow turbidity, according to background levels and ecosystem resilience

14. Energy and emissions Dredging process requires high energy density Combustion of fossile fuels originates emissions (SOx, NOx, CO2, PM, etc…) IMO regulation soon introduces severe limits on emissions of NOx, SOx, usual fuels (HDF) cannot comply Future regulation expected to limit CO2, PM, other emissions including noise Renewable alternatives not sufficiently developed yet

15. Roadmap to sustainable energy supply and use 1. Increase energy efficiency Energy Index I for dredging Dredging can be optimised for maximum energy efficiency!

16. Example • TSHD 4500 m3 • Sailing distance 6.75 miles • Dsuction 900 mm • Energy index: I = 0.187 • Question: Given an equal capacity, will a smaller suction tube give a lower index or not? • Answer: • Energy index becomes: I = 0.193 at Dsuction = 800 mm • At a distance of 40 miles, a Dsuction of 800 mm is somewhat better

17. Roadmap to sustainable energy supply and use 2. Change to more sustainable energy sources • LNG • Synthetic fuels • Nuclear (risk too high, preferable onshore generation) • Conventional Hybrid systems Higher efficiency of whole power supply, lower emissions

18. Roadmap to sustainable energy supply and use 3. Gradual shift to sustainable energy sources • Solar • Wind • Bio-fuels • Batteries • Fuel cell combined turbines • Fuel cell hybrid systems Not sufficient yet for main power supply, but rapid developments occur at the moment

19. Sustainable equipment and production

20. Sustainable equipment and production • Life cycle perspective (production-use-disposal) • Focus on functionality • Careful material choice that is safe and allows re-use or recycling without losses = up-cycling • Clean and efficient production processes • Maintenance to minimise life-cycle costs • Controlled disposal • Crew training and awareness building

22. Future issues Ballast water Greenhouse gases Recycling Underwater noise Anti fouling Could this be the solution?

23. Turbidity control Precise dredging High density Air pollution Water pollution Sustainable energy sources Life cycle support Maintenance Sustainable design Conclusions Steps Toward Development of Green Dredging Technology Dredging process: equipment adaptation and innovation Ecology Economy Energy issues and emission control Society Equipment redesign and production

24. Steps towards the development of green dredging technology