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INT222 – Internet Fundamentals

INT222 – Internet Fundamentals. Week 3: Introduction to HTML. Outline. Document structure/overview Important elements and using them. What is HTML.

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INT222 – Internet Fundamentals

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  1. INT222 – Internet Fundamentals Week 3: Introduction to HTML

  2. Outline • Document structure/overview • Important elements and using them

  3. What is HTML • HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page. • Hypertext is text with hyperlinks. • The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images for the user. • The markup indicators are often called “tags”, which are enclosed in angle brackets • e.g. <h1>. • Most html tags come in pairs - e.g. <h1> and </h1> • <h1> being the opening of the tag and • </h1> being the closing of the tag. • In between these tags you can add text-basedcontent. • There are some tags that are not paired – these tags are know as empty tags, such as <img />

  4. Tags vs. Elements vs. Attributes The terms tag, element & attribute are used throughout the web site. You should note the difference between these terms. • HTML elements: • Html documents are defined by HTML elements , and • An HTML Element is everything from the start tag to the end tag, e.g. <p>Some text</p> - is referred to as an element, including starting tag - content - ending tag • <p> and </p> - are referred to as tags.

  5. Tags vs. Elements vs. Attributes • <p class="....">Some text</p> • class is an attribute • An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an element, and it is placed inside the opening tag. • All attribute are made up 2 parts: a name and a value.

  6. HTML Tags/Element Categories HTML tags are classified in three different categories: • Block-level: • A block-level tag is a tag that creates large blocks of content like tables (<table>) or page divisions (<div>). • e.g. <p>, <h1>, <ul>, <hr>, <dl>, … • They start new lines of text when you use them, and • They can contain other block tags as well as inline tags and text.

  7. HTML Tags/Element Categories • Inline-level • An inline tag is a tag that defines the text or data in the document like STRONG(<strong>) makes the enclosed text strongly emphasized. • e.g. <span>, <a>, <img>, <td>, <b>, <em>, <input>, … • Inline tags don't start new lines when they are used, and • they generally only contain other inline tags and text or data.

  8. HTML Tags/Element Categories • Empty • Empty tags do not have closing tags or they are not paired. • An empty tag does not contain any text/content. • Empty tags are simply used as markers. • In some cases empty tags are used for whatever is contained in their attributes. • The <br />, <img />, <input />, <meta /> tags are a few examples of empty tags.

  9. Document Type Definition (DTD) • A document type definition (DTD) is a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (SGML, XML, HTML).

  10. Document Type Definition Example HTML Document Structure Examples - DoctypeDeclarations List: • Basic HTML document structure • Basic xHTML 1.0 Strict document structure • Basic xHTML 1.0 Transitional document structure • Basic xHTML 1.0 Frameset document structure • Basic HTML5 document

  11. Basic HTML document structure <html> <head> <title>INT222</title> </head> <body> <h1>HTML Document Structure</h1> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p><a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca">ICT</a><br /> <a href="http://www.senecac.on.ca">Seneca College</a></p> </body> </html>

  12. Basic xHTML 1.0 Strict document structure <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>INT222</title> </head> <body> <h2>xHTML Document Structure</h2> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p><a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca">ICT</a><br /> <a href="http://www.senecac.on.ca">Seneca College</a></p> </body> </html>

  13. Basic xHTML 1.0 Transitional document structure <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>INT222</title> </head> <body> <h2>xHTML Document Structure</h2> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p><a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca">ICT</a><br /> <a href="http://www.senecac.on.ca">Seneca College</a></p> </body> </html>

  14. Basic xHTML 1.0 Frameset document structure <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>INT222</title> </head> <frameset cols="40%,60%"> <frame name="frame1" src="../int222/f1.html" /> <frame name="frame2" src="../int222/f2.html" /> </frameset> </html>

  15. Basic HTML5 document <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>INT222</title> </head> <body> <h2>HTML5 Document Structure</h2> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p><a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca">ICT</a><br /> <a href="http://www.senecac.on.ca">Seneca College</a></p> </body> </html>

  16. HTML5 document structure <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Try it</title> </head> <body> <header> <h1>HTML5 Document Structure</h1> </header> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca">ICT</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.senecac.on.ca">Seneca College</a></li> </ul> </nav> <article> <section> <p>An article can have multiple sections</p> </section> </article> <aside> <p>This is aside part of the web page</p> </aside> <footer> <p>This is the footer</p> </footer> </body> </html>

  17. Basic HTML Document Presentation • Basic HTML document (browser default) • Basic HTML document (No browser default) <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>INT222</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="reset.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> </head> <body> <h1>Heading - the h1 tag</h1> <h2>Heading - the h2 tag</h2> <p>This is a paragraph - the p tag</p> <p>Unolrdered list</p> <ul> <li>item 1</li> <li>item 2</li> </ul> <table> <tr> <th>Column heading 1</th> <th>Column heading 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Item 1</td> <td>Item 2</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

  18. Recommended list of Doctype declarations • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Doctype declarations • HTML5specification

  19. Why html then xhtml and now html5? • The history of HTML: http://www.rackspace.com/blog/internet-history-html-evolution/

  20. Basic HTML Tags

  21. HTML Heading Tags HeadingsHeadings with reset

  22. p, blockquote, pre, br, hr tags Paragraphs & more

  23. Presentation Tags Presentation tags -1-Presentation tags -2- * use CSS instead

  24. HTML List Tags Three types of list tags in HTML: • Unordered lists • Ordered lists • Definition lists

  25. Unordered lists • The <ul> tag displays an unordered bulleted list. You can use CSS (list-style-type property) to control the bullet style. • The <li> tag is used to designate the individual list items in the list. • Both the <ul> and the <li> require a closing tag (</ul> and </li>).

  26. Ordered lists • The <ol> tag displays an ordered list. You can use CSS (list-style-type property) to control the sequence style. • The <li> tag is used to designate the individual list items in the list. • Both the <ol> and the <li> require a closing tag (</ol> and </li>).

  27. Definition lists • The <dl> encloses a definition list. • A definition list contains terms, which are defined with the <dt> tag, and descriptions, which are defined with the <dd> tag. • The <dl>, <dt> and the <dd> require a closing tag (</dl>, <dt> and </dd>). • By default, a browser will align terms on the left and indents each definition on a new line. • The intent of a definition list is to display lists of terms and their corresponding descriptions, such as in a glossary.

  28. Definition lists

  29. Nested lists • Ordered lists and Unordered lists can be nested - a combination of the two can also be nested. • Each level will indented. • Nested lists may look complicated however you just need remember the basic structure for ordered and unordered lists.

  30. Hyperlinks & Anchor • The HTML <a> Element (or the HTML Anchor Element) defines a hyperlink, the named target destination for a hyperlink, or both. • A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document or another part of the same document. • Basic HTML link (anchor) format: <a href="URL.................">text</a>

  31. Hyperlinks • Absolute link <a href="https://scs.senecac.on.ca/~facultyname">John Doe's Website</a> • Relative link • The links should be relative to the location of the current document. e.g. <a href="xxxxx.html">Text...text</a> <a href="../xxxxx.html">Text...text</a> <a href="info/xxxxx.html">Text...text</a>

  32. Hyperlinks • Link to a particular section of an html page • To link to a specific section (int222) of a page named (xxxxx.html), it is assumed that somewhere in (xxxxx.html) the following code is available:<a id="int222"></a> • Then use an hyperlinks to link to it: <a href="xxxxx.html#int222">Text...text</a> • e.g. The link here is a absolute link to an HTML document: <a href=" https://zenit.senecac.on.ca/~emile.ohan/int222/examples/anchor/href-relative.html#tests "> and links to the “tests” id

  33. Hyperlinks • Link to a particular section in current page • To link to a specific section (top) in the current html, it is assumed that somewhere in current html document the following code is available <a id="top"></a> <a href="#top">Top</a>

  34. Hyperlinks • E-mail link <a href="mailto:demo@myseneca.on.ca">Text ...text</a> • Image link <a href="xxxxx.html"> <imgsrc="action.gif" alt="Text..." /> </a> • Target link - Not recommended <a href="xxxxx.html" target="window_name"> Text...text</a>

  35. Basic table tags

  36. Table Elements’ Attributes • A lot of these attributes have been declared as being obsolete features in HTML5. We need to use CSS instead border - applies to the table tagwidth - applies to the table, td, th tagscellspacing - applies to the table tagcellpadding - applies to the table tagcolspan - applies to the td, th tagsrowspan - applies to the td, th tagsalign - applies to the table, caption, tr, td, th tagsvalign - applies to the tr, td, th tagsNested tables

  37. Introduction to HTML (MDN) https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/Introduction • HTML element reference (MDN) https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element • HTML attribute reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes • Basic Structure of an HTML5 Document http://www.coreservlets.com/html5-tutorial/basic-html5-document.html#

  38. Thank You!

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