オーストラリア研究 ( 英語 )

1. オーストラリア研究(英語) Chris Burgess (1号館1308研究室、内線164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jphttp://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

2. Environment emerges as major issue for Australian voters ahead of May election • 23% (up from 14% in 2016) cited the environment as one of their biggest concerns, making it the No.4 issue ahead of health care (1), cost of living (2), and crime (3) • Australians are paying increasingly more attention to climate change, renewable energy, drought, environmental regulation and protection of natural habitats, such as the Great Barrier Reef, due to global warming. Apr 22, 2019

3. ANZAC DAY　（アンザックデー）“probably Australia's most important national occasion” 4月25日、1915年アンザック軍団のガリポリ（トルコ）上陸記念日で、オーストラリアの休日 ＡＮＺＡＣ＝Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (第一次大戦のオーストラリア・ニュージーランド連合軍団)

5. Last year: Anzac Day marked by thousands at Gallipoli and Villers-Bretonneux Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has praised the feats of Australian troops in the battle to re-take the French village of Villers-Bretonneux exactly a century ago. Mr Turnbull was speaking at the dawn service at the war cemetery at Villers-Bretonneux in northern France, with dignitaries including Britain Prince Charles among the thousands of people attending.

7. A Tsuda Student in Australia (2017) • I went to the dawn service this morning (夜明け前の午前4:30から始まり). It was much more impressive, touching, and moving than I expected. I noticed 3 things: • 朝早いにもかかわらず多くの子供が参加していた (young people in Japan have little chance to learn about war) • this regular event forces people to reflect on war: this is a day every year to share stories, make their identity and pride as Australians, and unite. This may be a key of success as a multicultural country? • remembering sacrifice shows the importance of international peace activities, like PKO (国を守るとはどういうことなのかについて考える国民的な祝日があることが重要な意味を持つように思えました)

8. A Tsuda Student in Canberra (2015) • I went to dawn service of ANZAC Day yesterday early morning. I woke up at 3 am and walked to War Memorial for an hour. It was really really cold! 今年はGallipoliへの上陸から100年目ということで、CanberraのWar Memorialには例年よりも多くの人々が集まった。Anzac Dayの前までにも、テレビやインターネットでAnzacのドキュメンタリーやインタビューが多く放映されていた。そして昨日、Dawn serviceに参加して、多くの人々が戦没者に思いをはせているのを目にして。。。

9. A Tsuda Student in Canberra (2015) • 。。。愛する家族や友人を守るために戦った兵士を思う気持ちも重要だと感じた。オーストラリア政府は現在もアメリカ軍のシリア空爆などの支援に軍を送っているが、Gallipoliで の出来事を思い出し、悲劇が繰り返されないようにと願うばかりである。また、私はＡＮＵで修士をしている友人（オーストラリアンジャパニーズ）と参加したのだが、彼が「日本は、オーストラリア本土を第二次大戦中に攻撃したのに、ここで日本語を話していても誰にも咎められないのはすごいことだよね」と言っていた。

11. A Tsuda student in Canberra (2014) セレモニー自体は朝の5：30から開始だったのですが、そのために朝4：00に大学に集合し、ANUの生徒たちと一緒にWar Memorial に向かいました。早朝からのイベントにも関わらず、オーストラリア中からたくさんの人たちがキャンベラに集まるということが驚きでした。 War Memorial には本当にたくさんのひとが集まっていて、会場の中央で行われているセレモニーがまったく見えないという状況でした。オーストラリア人はこんなにも愛国心が強いのだなと感動しました。 早朝のセレモニーとは別に、イギリスの皇太子、皇太子妃が参加されるイベントもあったようで、イギリスとオーストラリアとの関係の強さはまだ続いているのだなという印象を受けました。

13. 2015 A Tsuda Student in Melbourne Last Saturday, I didn't go to Dawn Service but I went to see the commemoration march in the city(St Kilda Rd). The parade was more casual than I expected...I felt the meaning of the day: we must not forget the war. And many people including little children came to see the parade though it was rainy and cold, and I knew that ANZAC Day is significant day for the Australian. Also, of course the people who were able to take part in the parade were the descendants, and there were few Asian peopleto come to see it, and it looked like the day for Australians of UK descent

16. 'The Last Post is the trumpet or bugle call sounded at 10 pm each night to inform soldiers that they should be inside their quarters for the night. It is also sounded at military funerals and commemorative services...to indicate that the soldier has completed his life's work and has entered into his rest.'

18. A Tsuda student in Canberra (old) それはとても印象的で、Serviceの中で、そういった出来事を忘れないことの大切さが何度も繰り返され、何をどのように今私たちが覚えておくかが大切なのだといわれていました。このServiceを通して、私は日本人が、戦争、そして戦争のために犠牲になった人々のことを忘れ始めているということを、強く感じたし、それは決して忘れられるべきことではないと思いました。オーストラリアの歴史や人々の一面に触れたような気がした瞬間でした。

19. Is consciousness of war different in Australia and Japan? ANZAC DAY=終戦記念日(８月１５日）？

20. Charity single and album by Lee Kernaghanreleased in 2015 featuring Guy Sebastian, Sheppard, Jessica Mauboy, and more… Lee Kernaghan, country singer/songwriter Guy Sebastian, singer/songwriter Sheppard, Indie pop band Jessica Mauboy, R&B singer/songwr.

21. Inspired by… 豪州戦争記念館 • …Kernaghan's visit to the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, when he was shown archives of soldiers letters to family from the front lines • …then Prime Minister Paul Keating's 1993 words at the internment of the Unknown Soldier*, one of Australia's most iconic speeches: “He is all of them. And he is one of us.” *無名戦士の墓

23. The red poppy (ケシ（芥子赤）) as symbol of war rememberance • Following the trench warfare which took place in the poppy fields of Flanders, during the 1st World War, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime.

24. “The Real Australia” MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

25. 未読＝83人！！

26. 1. Which is most important for Australians? • Religion • Sport • Politics

27. 2. Which does not describe Australia? • Secular • Idealistic • Realistic • Hedonistic (pagan)

28. 3. Most Australians live in… • the bush (郊外の外) • the outback(奥地) • country towns • cities on the coast

29. 4. Which values are said to characterise Australians? • ‘Mateship’ and loyalty • Dislike of elitism • Giving people ‘a fair go’ (平等な取り扱い) • All of these

30. 5. Australian writers, painters, and architects are… a) World-class b) Non-existent c) Terrible

31. 6. Australia is given little attention in the foreign media because… a) Australians are disliked b) Australia is too far away c) nothing interesting ever happens d) Australia is too radical

32. 7. The Australian head of state is… • the prime-minister • the queen • the governor-general (連邦総督） • Ian Thorpe

33. In 1975, the governor-general dismissed Prime-minister Gough Whitlam(1975 年に連邦総督がホイットラム首相を罷免した) 8. True or False?

34. 9. In 1999, Australians rejected becoming a republic (共和国). Why? • Australians love the queen • Most Australians are against a republic • Australians want to stay part of Britain • Australians couldn’t agree how to elect an Australian President

35. 10. Who is not a national hero? • Donald Bradman (cricketer) • Dawn Fraser (swimmer) • Ned Kelly (criminal) • Tony Abbott (prime-minister)

36. 11. Which of the following is not true of the Aborigines? • They make up about 2% of the population • There are some rich and powerful Aborigines • In 1788, there were perhaps 500,000 aborigines • Aboriginal children were taken from their parents in the early 1900’s

37. ANSWERS

38. 1. Which is most important for Australians? • Religion • Sport • Politics

39. 2. Which does not describe Australia? • Secular • Idealistic • Realistic • Hedonistic (pagan)

40. 3. Most Australians live in… • the bush (郊外の外) • the outback(奥地) • country towns • cities on the coast

41. 4. Which values are said to characterise Australians? • ‘Mateship’ and loyalty • Dislike of elitism • Giving people ‘a fair go’ (平等な取り扱い) • All of these

42. 5. Australian writers, painters, and architects are… a) World-class b) Non-existent c) Terrible

43. 6. Australia is given little attention in the foreign media because… a) Australians are disliked b) Australia is too far away c) nothing interesting ever happens d) Australia is too radical

44. 7. The Australian head of state is… • the prime-minister • the queen • the governor-general (連邦総督） • Ian Thorpe

45. In 1975, the governor-general (連邦総督）dismissed (罷免した) Prime-minister Gough Whitlam or False? 8. True

46. 9. In 1999, Australians rejected becoming a republic (共和国). Why? • Australians love the queen • Most Australians were against a republic • Australians want to stay part of Britain • Australians couldn’t agree how to elect an Australian President

47. 10. Who is not a national hero? • Donald Bradman (cricketer) • Dawn Fraser (swimmer) • Ned Kelly (criminal) • Turnbull (prime-minister) DVD-2192

48. 11. Which of the following is not true of the Aborigines? BONUS QUESTION: What happened in 1788? • They make up about 2% of the population • There are some rich and powerful Aborigines • In 1788, there were perhaps 500,000 Aborigines • Aboriginal children were taken from their parents in the early 1900’s

49. HISTORY: CONVICTS, COLONISATION, AND NATIONHOOD 1770: Captain Cook claiming land for British crown

50. January 26, 1788: First Fleet （第一船団）of 11 ships arrives carrying 1500 people, half of them convicts　（囚人）