Answering a Negative Question with hai and iie

1. Class Session 15b Chapter 10 • Answering a Negative Question with hai and iie • Expressing What is Permissible with de mo ii and de wa ikemasen • Expressing What is Required with nakute wa ikemasen/nakute mo ii desu • The Potential Forms of Verbs • Expressing Potential with koto ga dekiru • Verbs with Inherent Potential Meanings • Sports • Hobbies Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

2. Answering a Negative Question with hai and iie • In Japanese, haishows agreement; iie shows disagreement • If a question is asked in the affirmative, the Japanese reply is the same as the English reply: • kyō gakkō ni ikimasu ka. • Will you go to school today? • hai - Yes (I will go) • iie – No (I will not go) • If a question is asked in the negative, the Japanese reply is different than the • English reply: • kyō gakkō ni ikimasen ka • Will you not go to school today? • hai - Yes (I will not go) • iie – No (I will go) • Be careful in answering negative questions Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

3. Expressing What is Permissible with de mo ii and de wa ikemasen • Use and adjective and the copular verb (desu) in the te-form to express what is • permissible and what is not permissible: • chūkosha de mo ii desu. chūkosha de wa ikemasen. • A used car is acceptable (good). A used car is not acceptable (won’t do). • takakute mo ii desu. takakute wa ikemasen. • It is alright if it is expensive. It is not okay if it is expensive. • fuben de mo ii desu.fuben de wa ikemasen. • It is okay to be inconvenient. If it is inconvenient, it is not okay. Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

4. Expressing What is Required with nakute wa ikemasen/nakute mo ii desu • What is a required condition and what is not is expressed using adjectives and the copular verb in the negative te-form: • shinsha ja nakute wa ikemasen. shinsha ja nakute mo ii desu. • It must be a new car. It is okay even if it is not a new car. • yasuku nakute wa ikemasen. yasuku nakute mo ii desu. • It must be cheap. It need not be cheap. • shizuka ja nakute wa ikemasen.shizuka ja nakute mo ii desu. • It must be quiet. It need not be quiet. Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

5. The Potential Form of Verbs • The potential form of an ru-verb in Japanese is created by dropping the final • ru syllable from the dictionary form and adding rareru • The potential form of a u-verb is created by dropping the final u from the dictionary • Form and adding the suffix eru • Here are the potential form of some ru and u-verbs (complete list on textbook • pages 190-191): • Dictionary Form Potential Form • ru-verbs • taberu (to eat) taberareru (can eat) • miru (to watch) mirareru (can watch) • u-verbs • kaeru (to return) kaereru (can return) • kau (to buy) kaeru (can buy) • tobu (to fly) toberu (can fly) Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

6. The Potential Form of Verbs • The potential form of the irregular verbs are: • kuru (to come) korareru ( can come) • suru (to do) dekiru (can do) • The direct object particle o is usually replaced by the particle ga in the potential form: • watashi wa katakana de namae ga kakemasu. • I can write (my) name in katakana. • If the verb is dekiru (can do), o must be replaced by ga Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

7. Expressing Potential with koto ga dekiru • One’s potential can be expressed using the construction koto ga dekiru (. . . can do) • Rather than the potential form discussed above • Create an expression using the plain form verb and add koto ga dekiru (koto serves • as a nominalizer): • katakana de namae o kaku koto ga dekimasu. • I can write (my) name in katakana. • nihon-go o sukoshi hanasu koto ga dekimasu. • (I) can speak a little Japanese. • Note: koto cannot be replaced by no in this construction Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

8. Verbs with Inherent Potential Meanings • Some verbs in Japanese, like kikoeru (to be heard; be audible), mieru (to be seen; • be in sight ) and wakaru (to be understood; be comprehended) already have • potential meanings • These verbs cannot be conjugated into the potential form described previously • The direct objects of these verbs are marked by the particle ga rather than the • particle o: • kyō wa tenki ga ii desu ne. fujisan ga miemasu ne. • Today the weather is good, isn’t it? We can Mt. Fuji, right? • kono denwa wa hen desu. zenzen kokoemasen. • This phone is strange. I cannot hear at all. • nikorasu-san wa nihon-go ga sukoshi wakarimasu ka. • Nicolas, can you understand Japanese a little? Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

9. Sports • These are Japanese words for martial arts: • sumō sumo wrestling judō judo • karate karate aikidō aikido kendo kendo • Popular Japanese sports: • sakkā soccer barē-bōru volleyball • yakyū baseball sukii skiing • gorufu golf sukēto skating • tenisu tennis suiei swimming • basuketto-bōru basketball • To say you play these sports, use the verb suru (to do): • ani wa gorufu o shimasu. • My older brother plays golf. Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012

10. Hobbies • Some popular pastime activities: • e o kaku to draw, paint • tsuri o suru to fish • ryōri o suru to cook • shashin o toru to take pictures • ikebana o suru to do flower arranging • shodō o suru to do calligraphy Japanese 1100-L15b-07-22-2012